Characterization and property investigation of novel eco‐friendly agar/carrageenan/TiO₂ nanocomposite films

Abstract

Agar/kappa carrageenan (AG/CA) nanocomposite films are prepared using thermal casting method in the presence of various concentrations of nano-TiO 2 (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 g/100 g). As nano-TiO 2 content rises from 0 to 1 g/100 g, tensile strength (TS) increases from 30.8 to 60.6 MPa. However, TS decreases gradually as nano-TiO 2 content further raises. TS of films containing 1 g/100 g nano-TiO 2 increases by 96.8% when compared to those prepared without nano-TiO 2 . The reason may be related to the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding and coordinate bonds between nano-TiO 2 and matrix molecules. Elongation at break decreases gradually as nano-TiO 2 concentration increases. The addition of nano-TiO 2 improves barrier properties of films against ultraviolet light, while it decreases their transparency. Swelling and water solubility of the films containing 1 g/100 g nano-TiO 2 decrease, further demonstrating that interaction forces are formed between nano-TiO 2 and matrix molecules. The addition of nano-TiO 2 significantly declines water vapor permeability. Overall, films containing 1 g/100 g nano-TiO 2 show the best mechanical, optical, and water resistance properties.

Cellulose Nanofiber-Based Ethylene Scavenging Antimicrobial Films Incorporated with Various Types of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles to Extend the Shelf Life of Fruits

“…The WS of the CNF film was slightly reduced by adding the nanoparticles though the difference was not statistically significant ( p > 0.05). The reduced WS of the composite film is probably due to the improved water resistance of the film due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl groups of the nanofillers and the biopolymer matrix …”

Nanoparticles and Plant By-Products for Edible Coatings Production: A Case Study with Zinc, Titanium, and Silver

“…For packaging samples with the addition of TiO 2 nanoparticles, ΔE increased, which is in line with the results of a similar study by Dash et al (2019) [ 29 ]. Coatings containing TiO 2 should also have a higher parameter of L *, b *, and ΔE with increasing concentration [ 30 ]. Our study delivered corresponding values.…”

“…The addition of ZnO and TiO 2 nanoparticles increased the Whiteness Index values rather slightly, which is consistent with the results in a study by Dash et al (2019) [ 29 ]. Coatings containing TiO 2 should also have higher parameters of L *, b *, ΔE, as well as Whiteness Index, with increasing concentration [ 30 ]. We achieved similar results in our study.…”

Use of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles as Reinforcement Agent of Polysaccharide-Based Materials

“…. Schematic representation of the functionalization of polysaccharide-based materials with TiO 2 (a) and their effects on the UV-blocking (b), mechanical (c), gas exchange (d), thermal (e), swelling (f), and adsorptive (g) properties (adapted from Hou et al [34], Goudarzi et al [35], de Moura et al [36], and Dai et al [37]) (figure created in Biorender.com). (a) and their main applications: sensor development (b), antimicrobial activity (c), food and non-food packaging (d), wastewater treatment (e), solar cells and energy storage systems (f), wound-healing (g), and controlled drug release (h) (adapted from de Moura et al [36], Dai et al [37], Ismail et al [38], and Al-Morakam [39]) (table created in Biorender.com).…”

“…Li et al [105] developed hybrid agar-TiO 2 fibers through the wet spinning process with enhanced mechanical, and water-and UV-barrier properties, which were associated with the optical and hydrophilic properties of TiO 2 nanoparticles. Moreover, the mechanical, UV-barrier, and water-related properties in an agar-carrageenan film were enhanced by the addition of 1% w/v of nano-TiO 2 [34]. Similar trends were reported when TiO 2 was added in a film composed of a mixture of K-Carrageenan, xanthan gum, and gellan gum (mechanical, thermal, and water-and UV-barrier properties improved); moreover, it exhibited partial inhibition of S. aureus [17].…”