Characterization and processing of High Density Polyethylene/carbon nano-composites

Fouad, H.; Elleithy, Rabeh; Al-Zahrani, S.M.; Ali, Mushir

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2010.11.066

Cited by 51 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…[25] Moreover,a st he carboxyethylation reaction is an endothermic process, [106,107] an increase in temperature from 60 to 90 8Ct ended to increaseb oth the M w and the negative CD of CELS. If we comparet he degree of influence of each factor on CD and M w ,t he optimum combination of levels for each factor should exist in one of the as listed in Ta ble 6.…”

Section: Optimal Reaction Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increaseo ft his ratio from 2.0 to 4.0 led to the production of undesired products more dominantly and hence the CD and M w of CELS decreased. [25] Moreover,a st he carboxyethylation reaction is an endothermic process, [106,107] an increase in temperature from 60 to 90 8Ct ended to increaseb oth the M w and the negative CD of CELS. Moreover,t he enhancement of the probability for the production of homopropionic acid polymer at high concentrations of 2-chloropropionic acid would cause as light reduction in carboxymethylatedl ignosulfonate production at 80 8C.…”

Section: Optimal Reaction Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxyethylated Lignosulfonate

Bahrpaima

Fatehi

2018

ChemSusChem

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Lignosulfonate is a byproduct of the sulfite pulping process and has limited use in industry. The main objective of this study was to investigate the carboxyethylation of lignosulfonate to increase its charge density to broaden its applications. The carboxyethylation of lignosulfonate was optimized under the conditions of 30 wt % NaOH, 2.0 mol mol 2-chloropropinic acid/lignosulfonate, 90 °C, 0.5 h, and 0.03 mol 2-chloropropinic acid, which produced carboxyethylated lignosulfonate with a charge density and molecular weight of -3.51 meq g and 46 493 g mol , respectively. The mechanism of the carboxyethylation reaction using 2-chloropropinic acid by an S 1 pathway in an alkaline solution was discussed. Methylation was also used to mask the phenolic hydroxide groups of lignosulfonate to investigate if carboxyethylation occurred on aliphatic hydroxide groups of lignosulfonate. The produced carboxyethylated lignosulfonate was characterized by using FTIR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and elemental and functional group analyses. Basic H- H 2 D COSY NMR spectroscopy was used to record the coupled spins of the carboxyethyl group on carboxyethylated lignosulfonate. The information from 1 D H NMR and 2 D NMR COSY spectroscopy provided evidence for the existence of a 1-carboxyethyl group on the carboxyethylated lignosulfonate structure.

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Section: Optimal Reaction Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Optimal Reaction Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxyethylated Lignosulfonate

Bahrpaima

Fatehi

2018

ChemSusChem

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“…For instance, HDPE nanocomposites containing organically modified SiO 2 , clay, and montmorillonite accelerate the oxidative degradation of HDPE . Carbon based nanofillers, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene have significant importance in the family of nanofillers . These fillers improve the stiffness and thermal stability of HDPE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photooxidative degradation of graphene‐reinforced high‐density polyethylene nanocomposites

Shehzad

Ahmad

Al‐Harthi

2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Natural weathering of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and its graphene nanocomposites was studied. The nanocomposites, prepared by in situ polymerization of ethylene, were exposed to the natural environment for 30, 60, and 90 days. The effects of weathering on the crystallinity, melting temperature, and lamellar thickness distribution were studied using differential scanning calorimetry. The changes in chain microstructure and molecular weight were determined by crystallization analysis fractionation and gel permeation chromatography, respectively. The effects of weathering on the dynamic mechanical properties and the morphology of the nanocomposite were also determined. The parent HDPE suffered severe degradation as expected. However, graphene-reinforced HDPE nanocomposites show resistance to degradation. The changes in the crystallinity, lamellar thickness, molecular weight, and dynamic mechanical properties of graphene nanocomposites were less pronounced as compared to the parent HDPE.

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“…The strength of HDPE is provided by itself. The viscoelastic behavior of the material is easily described in time and allows us to make a prediction about the longterm strength [4][5][6]. Thus, the use of hydroxyapatite (hereinafter -HA) as a reinforcing element of the polymer material has a beneficial effect on the biological activity and rheological behavior of HDPE.…”

Section: Conductmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of physic and mechanical parameters of high-density polyethylene based on relaxation curves due to the presence of hydroxyapatite and ionizing radiation

2018

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Relatively low physical and mechanical parameters of polymers negatively affect the possibility of using this material everywhere. There are ways to improve the elastic and rheological characteristics of some varieties of polymers: addition of additives and irradiation with ionizing radiation. However, these methods can lead both to the cross-linking of polymer molecules with the improvement of its parameters, and to its destruction. In this article shown the theoretical definition of physic and mechanical parameters of high-density polyethylene by known stress relaxation curves, and a comparison of the experimental data of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with the data obtained theoretically, which, in turn, saves material resources and man-hours for the experiment and its subsequent analysis.

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Characterization and processing of High Density Polyethylene/carbon nano-composites

Cited by 51 publications

References 18 publications

Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxyethylated Lignosulfonate

Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxyethylated Lignosulfonate

Photooxidative degradation of graphene‐reinforced high‐density polyethylene nanocomposites

Determination of physic and mechanical parameters of high-density polyethylene based on relaxation curves due to the presence of hydroxyapatite and ionizing radiation

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