Characterization and performance of visible light photon counters (VLPCs) for the upgraded DØ detector at the Fermilab Tevatron

Bross, A.; Flattum, E.; Lincoln, D.; Grünendahl, S.; Warchol, J.; Wayne, M.; Padley, P.

doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(01)01884-8

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Each eight-pixel chip is soldered to an aluminum nitride substrate, and the outputs from individual pixels are wirebonded to individual contact pads on the substrate. Non-uniformities in the production process result in variations in characteristics such as gain, quantum efficiency, and thermal noise rates among and across VLPC wafers [64]. Due to these variations, the bias voltage at which the VLPCs operate at optimal signal-to-noise ratio varies between 6 and 8 volts.…”

Section: Visible Light Photon Counter Cassettesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The upgraded DØ detector

Abazov¹,

Abbott²,

Abolins³

et al. 2006

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

689

653

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The DØ experiment enjoyed a very successful data-collection run at the Fermilab Tevatron collider between 1992 and 1996. Since then, the detector has been upgraded to take advantage of improvements to the Tevatron and to enhance its physics capabilities. We describe the new elements of the detector, including the silicon microstrip tracker, central fiber tracker, solenoidal magnet, preshower detectors, forward muon detector, and forward proton detector. The uranium/liquid-argon calorimeters and central muon detector, remaining from Run I, are discussed briefly. We also present the associated electronics, triggering, and data acquisition systems, along with the design and implementation of software specific to DØ.

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Section: Visible Light Photon Counter Cassettesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The upgraded DØ detector

Abazov¹,

Abbott²,

Abolins³

et al. 2006

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

689

653

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The chips were sorted and grouped with the higher gain chips assigned to read out the CFT axial fibers. More details on VLPC properties can be found in [7].…”

Section: The Vlpc and Readout Electronicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status of the D0 fiber tracker and preshower detectors

Smirnov

2009

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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In this report we focus on the performance of the D0 central fiber tracker and preshower detectors during the high luminosity pp collisions at √ s = 1.96 GeV delivered by the Tevatron collider at Fermilab (Run IIb). Both fiber tracker and preshower detectors utilize a similar readout system based on high quantum efficiency solid state photo-detectors capable of converting light into electrical signals. We also give a brief description of the D0 detector and the central track trigger, and conclude with a summary on the central tracker performance.Key words: D0 scintillating fiber tracker, preshower detectors, visible light photon counters, track trigger, D0 AFEII-t electronics PACS: 07.77. Ka, 29.40.Mc, 85.60.Gz The Tevatron and the D0 DetectorThe Tevatron located at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory is a superconducting synchrotron capable of accelerating proton (p) and anti-proton (p) beams in opposite directions to energies of 980 GeV. Particles in the beams are grouped in 36 spatially separated bunches which are brought into the head-on collisions at the center of the D0 detector [1,2] at 396 ns intervals.As a typical collider detector, the D0 detector has a tracking system, electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters, and muon chambers to measure the energy, momentum, and charge of particles produced in the collisions. The central tracking system consists of a silicon microstrip tracker (SMT) and a central fiber tracker (CFT) both located within a 2 T superconducting solenoidal magnet, with designs optimized for tracking and vertexing at pseudorapidities |η| < 3 and |η| < 2.0 respectively. The central and forward preshower detectors (CPS and FPS) positioned just outside of the superconducting coil are used to improve the measurement of energies of electron and photon showers detected by the D0 calorimeter system. A liquid-argon and uranium calorimeter has a central section (CC) covering pseudorapidities |η| up to ≈ 1.1, and two end calorimeters (EC) that extend coverage to |η| ≈ 4.2, with all three housed in separate cryostats. A muon system, at |η| < 3, consists of layers of tracking detectors and scintillation trigger counters surrounding 1.8 T toroid magnets [3].In Run IIb, with initial instantaneous luminosities reaching over 3 × 10 32 cm −2 s −1 and more than 5 pp interactions per bunch crossing, the D0 detector faces stringent challenges. In the following sections, we will discuss the CFT and PS detectors, and the central track trigger (CTT) hardware, as well as upgrades performed on the readout electronics aimed to improve identification of charged particles. The Central Fiber TrackerA schematic cross sectional view of one quarter of the CFT is shown in Fig. 1. It consists of eight thin coaxial carbon-fiber cylinders, each supporting two layers of overlapping scintillating fibers (doublets), each fiber having a 0.835 mm diameter. Tracking in the CFT is done by detecting the scintillation light produced when ionizing particles traverse the fibers. A small fraction of generated light is trappe...

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“…The choice of readout electronics, is based on that used by the DØ central fibre tracker (CFT) [61], which uses visible light photons counters (VLPCs) [62]. The following sections will give an overview of each component of the MICE Sci-Fi tracker, along with brief details of the construction process, in which the author played a role, within the tracker team.…”

Section: Mechanical Design and Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first stage, is the clear fibre runs within the tracker volume, here the fibres coming from six station connectors, of 20-22 channels, form a bundle of 128 clear fibres, which are The 'external' clear fibre waveguides, which again differ in length (to make the overall total waveguide length of 4m), depending on which station they originate from, transport the light from the 128 channel patch panel connectors, to a final set of connectors. These connectors, called the 'DØ connectors', as they interface to the DØ VLPC readout system [62], developed for the DØ CFT and adopted by MICE. Each DØ connector, contains 128 fibre channels, matching the fibres to channels on the readout cassettes.…”

Section: Optical Connectors and Waveguidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Construction and testing of the scintillating fibre trackers for MICE

Fish

2009

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The discovery of neutrino mass through experimental evidence of neutrino oscillations at the end of the last century has provided the first proof that the Standard Model of particle physics is incomplete. To be able to extend the Standard Model to incorporate massive neutrinos first requires many theoretical uncertainties surrounding the particle and its interactions to be understood. Therefore, a dedicated experimental programme is needed over the coming decades to provide precision measurements of the neutrino oscillation parameters and also a possible measurement of CP violation in the lepton sector, which could have astrophysical consequences.An intense source of neutrinos is required to achieve these precision measurements and the leading contender proposed to provide this neutrino beam, is the Neutrino Factory. Before a Neutrino Factory facility can be realised, a number of technological challenges need to be evaluated and understood first. One of which, is reduce the large phase space volume (emittance) of the initial muon beam, which is eventually stored and through decay provides the neutrino beam. Ionisation cooling is the chosen method to achieve this and the Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment (MICE) at Rutherford Laboratory in the UK, is required to demonstrate ionisation cooling and its feasibility for a Neutrino Factory.To demonstrate ionisation cooling, a section of a cooling channel will be constructed and single-particle measurements of emittance of a muon beam before and after the cooling channel from particle spectrometers will be compared. To measure emittance accurately requires precision measurements of the momenta and spatial coordinates at the spectrometers by tracking devices in a uniform magnetic field. The focus of this thesis is based around the construction and testing of the MICE tracker(s), including a study of its simulated performance and also construction and testing of a prototype.

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Characterization and performance of visible light photon counters (VLPCs) for the upgraded DØ detector at the Fermilab Tevatron

Cited by 23 publications

References 3 publications

The upgraded DØ detector

The upgraded DØ detector

Status of the D0 fiber tracker and preshower detectors

Construction and testing of the scintillating fibre trackers for MICE

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