Characterization and performance evaluation of ammonia as fuel for solid oxide fuel cells with Ni/YSZ anodes

Stoeckl, Bernhard; Subotić, Vanja; Preininger, Michael; Schwaiger, Marcel; Evic, Nikola; Schroettner, Hartmuth; Hochenauer, Christoph

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2018.12.065

Cited by 93 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Encouraging results have been reported from experiments of ammonia-fueled SOFCs [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. At the cell/stack level, Cinti et al [15] investigated an ammonia-fueled SOFC short stack consisting of four planar cells and found that the stack performance with ammonia fuel was almost comparable to that with hydrogen fuel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of 1 kW‐class Ammonia‐fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack

et al. 2020

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Power generation performance and long‐term durability of ammonia‐fueled solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems are investigated with SOFC stacks consisting of 30 planar anode‐supported cells. SOFC systems with three different operation modes are employed: direct ammonia, external decomposition and autothermal decomposition. A novel BaO/Ni/Sm2O3/MgO catalyst is newly developed for the external ammonia cracker, whereas a Co‐Ce‐Zr composite oxide catalyst is used for the autothermal ammonia cracker. Initial performance measurement and 1,000 h long‐term durability test of the stacks are conducted. The stack fueled with direct ammonia achieves 1 kW power output with 52% direct current (DC) electrical efficiency; a slight decrease in its performance compared with the stack with the mixture fuel of hydrogen and nitrogen is attributed to the decrease in the stack temperature caused by the endothermic ammonia decomposition reaction. The external ammonia cracker helps to maintain the stack temperature, improving the initial performance of the stack. The stack performance with the autothermal ammonia cracker is also comparable to those with the other operation modes. It is also demonstrated that the stacks fueled with ammonia have excellent stability during the long‐term tests and 57% energy conversion efficiency at ca. 700 W electrical output is achieved with the external ammonia cracker.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Encouraging results have been reported from experiments of ammonia‐fueled SOFCs . At the cell/stack level, Cinti et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of 1 kW‐class Ammonia‐fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack

et al. 2020

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“…Temperatures on the anode side were recorded by type N thermocouples in the center and the border area of the flow field at 3 points along the flow direction within the alumina housing, as schematically shown in [51]. Hence, measured values do not represent punctual but area-averaged temperatures.…”

Section: Measuring Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of solid oxide fuel cell operation with synthetic biomass gasification product gases as a basis for enhancing its performance

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Subotić

Schroettner

et al. 2020

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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Solid oxide fuel cells represent a promising technology to increase the electrical efficiency of biomass-based combined-heat-power systems in comparison to state-of-the-art gas engines, additionally providing high temperature heat. To identify favorable fuel gas compositions for an efficient coupling with gasifiers at low degradation risk is of major importance to ensure stability, reliability, and durability of the systems used, thus increasing attractiveness of electricity production from biomass. Therefore, this study presents a comprehensive analysis on the influence of main gas components from biomass gasification on the performance and efficiency of a cell relevant for real application. An industrial-size electrolyte supported single cell with nickel/gadolinium-doped ceria anode was selected showing high potential for gasifier-solid oxide fuel cell systems. Beneficial gas component ratios enhancing the power output and electric efficiency are proposed based on the experimental study performed. Furthermore, the degradation stability of a SOFC fueled with a synthetic product gas representing steam gasification of woody biomass was investigated. After 500 h of operation under load at a steam-to-carbon ratio of 2.25 in the fuel gas, no performance or anode degradation could be detected.

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“…This blade was then transferred into a Gatan Ilion Broad Ion Beam Milling system (BIB or Slope Cutter). The Gatan Ilion ion polisher is used to prepare high-quality planar cross sections from samples that cannot be polished with classic mechanical methods to achieve the desired quality (for example, porous multilayer samples with a high hardness difference between the layers, such as is found in electrodes from batteries, Li-ion, or fuel cells) [16,17]. The overhang of the sample was milled with low-energy argon ions that originated from two ion-guns positioned at different angles with respect to the sample.…”

Section: Post-preparation Of Single Layers Via Broad Ion Beam (Bib) Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Dissection of an Automotive Li-Ion Pouch Cell

et al. 2019

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Information derived from microscopic images of Li-ion cells is the base for research on the function, the safety, and the degradation of Li-ion batteries. This research was carried out to acquire information required to understand the mechanical properties of Li-ion cells. Parameters such as layer thicknesses, material compositions, and surface properties play important roles in the analysis and the further development of Li-ion batteries. In this work, relevant parameters were derived using microscopic imaging and analysis techniques. The quality and the usability of the measured data, however, are tightly connected to the sample generation, the preparation methods used, and the measurement device selected. Differences in specimen post-processing methods and measurement setups contribute to variability in the measured results. In this paper, the complete sample preparation procedure and analytical methodology are described, variations in the measured dataset are highlighted, and the study findings are discussed in detail. The presented results were obtained from an analysis conducted on a state-of-the-art Li-ion pouch cell applied in an electric vehicle that is currently commercially available.

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Characterization and performance evaluation of ammonia as fuel for solid oxide fuel cells with Ni/YSZ anodes

Cited by 93 publications

References 37 publications

Development of 1 kW‐class Ammonia‐fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack

Development of 1 kW‐class Ammonia‐fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack

Investigation of solid oxide fuel cell operation with synthetic biomass gasification product gases as a basis for enhancing its performance

Analytical Dissection of an Automotive Li-Ion Pouch Cell

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