Abstract:Mammalian orthoreoviruses (MRVs) have a wide range of geographic distribution and have been isolated from humans and various animals. This study describes the isolation, molecular characterization and analysis of pathogenicity of MRV variant B/03 from wild short-nosed fruit bats. Negative stain electron microscopy illustrated that the B/03 strain is a non-enveloped icosahedral virus with a diameter of 70nm. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) migration patterns showed that the … Show more
“…Nevertheless, the lack of Brazilian MRV-3 sequences limited to draw any robust conclusions. The present study also highlights the capacity of MRVs to remain in silent circulation in human and animal populations 10,27 . Surveillance of MRV among distinct mammalian species can considerably increase the power of emergent zoonotic diseases strategies.Figure 2Phylogenetic tree of the complete S1 segment of the Brazilian TO-151/BR MRV-3 strain (indicated in a arrow).…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 57%
“…Other members of Reoviridae family such as rotaviruses also share this particular evolutionary pathway 28 . The capacity of important human and animal pathogens such as influenza A viruses and rotavirus A strains to reassert, has important implications for their ongoing evolution and impact on global health It is likely that MRVs also display this potential 2,8,10,26,27,29 .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Due to lack of host specificity, MRVs infection poses a major concern for zoonotic transmission as we all spread of infection in human and animal hosts 27,30 . In current study we have conducted a phylogenetic analysis.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Notably, MRV-3 strain reported and analyzed in current study, was detected in a child staying in rural area. In rural population, propensity of interspecies transmission is fairly high 27,30 . High propensity of interspecies transmission in rural population is due to poor hygiene of inhabitants, close proximity to animals and common source of drinking water.…”
Diarrhea remains one of the most common causes of deaths in children. Although many studies have investigated the prevalence of enteric pathogens around the globe some diarrheal episodes remain unexplained. It is possible that some yet-unidentified viral agents could be related to these cases of gastroenteritis. By using viral metagenomics techniques, we screened 251 fecal samples of children between 0.5 to 2.5-year-old with acute diarrhea not associated with common pathogens. These children live in rural areas and have different levels of contact with animals such as pigs, cows and bats. Here we report a complete genome of one mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) type 3, denoted TO-151/BR, detected in a female child in the state of Tocantins (north of Brazil). Brazilian TO-151/BR strain was classified as MRV-3 based on S1 phylogeny and was closely related to porcine Asian strains. Phylogenetic analyses showed that other segments were more similar to MRV-3s of different geographic locations and hosts, including human and bats, highlighting genome reassortment and lack of host-specific barriers. This is the first report of MRV-3 in South America and a hypothesis of a silent long-term circulation of this virus in Brazil has been raised.
“…Nevertheless, the lack of Brazilian MRV-3 sequences limited to draw any robust conclusions. The present study also highlights the capacity of MRVs to remain in silent circulation in human and animal populations 10,27 . Surveillance of MRV among distinct mammalian species can considerably increase the power of emergent zoonotic diseases strategies.Figure 2Phylogenetic tree of the complete S1 segment of the Brazilian TO-151/BR MRV-3 strain (indicated in a arrow).…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 57%
“…Other members of Reoviridae family such as rotaviruses also share this particular evolutionary pathway 28 . The capacity of important human and animal pathogens such as influenza A viruses and rotavirus A strains to reassert, has important implications for their ongoing evolution and impact on global health It is likely that MRVs also display this potential 2,8,10,26,27,29 .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Due to lack of host specificity, MRVs infection poses a major concern for zoonotic transmission as we all spread of infection in human and animal hosts 27,30 . In current study we have conducted a phylogenetic analysis.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Notably, MRV-3 strain reported and analyzed in current study, was detected in a child staying in rural area. In rural population, propensity of interspecies transmission is fairly high 27,30 . High propensity of interspecies transmission in rural population is due to poor hygiene of inhabitants, close proximity to animals and common source of drinking water.…”
Diarrhea remains one of the most common causes of deaths in children. Although many studies have investigated the prevalence of enteric pathogens around the globe some diarrheal episodes remain unexplained. It is possible that some yet-unidentified viral agents could be related to these cases of gastroenteritis. By using viral metagenomics techniques, we screened 251 fecal samples of children between 0.5 to 2.5-year-old with acute diarrhea not associated with common pathogens. These children live in rural areas and have different levels of contact with animals such as pigs, cows and bats. Here we report a complete genome of one mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) type 3, denoted TO-151/BR, detected in a female child in the state of Tocantins (north of Brazil). Brazilian TO-151/BR strain was classified as MRV-3 based on S1 phylogeny and was closely related to porcine Asian strains. Phylogenetic analyses showed that other segments were more similar to MRV-3s of different geographic locations and hosts, including human and bats, highlighting genome reassortment and lack of host-specific barriers. This is the first report of MRV-3 in South America and a hypothesis of a silent long-term circulation of this virus in Brazil has been raised.
“…In China, cross-reactive antibody or phylogenetically related viruses to henipaviruses, ebolaviruses and rabies virus have been detected in Chinese fruit bats (He et al 2015 ; Jiang et al 2010 ; Li et al 2008 ; Yang et al 2017 ; Yuan et al 2012 ). In addition, genetically diverse reoviruses, adenoviruses, and coronaviruses have been detected or isolated from fruit bats (Du et al 2010 ; Li et al 2016 ; Tan et al 2017 ).…”
Previous studies indicated that fruit bats carry two betacoronaviruses, BatCoV HKU9 and BatCoV GCCDC1. To investigate the epidemiology and genetic diversity of these coronaviruses, we conducted a longitudinal surveillance in fruit bats in Yunnan province, China during 2009-2016. A total of 59 (10.63%) bat samples were positive for the two betacorona-viruses, 46 (8.29%) for HKU9 and 13 (2.34%) for GCCDC1, or closely related viruses. We identified a novel HKU9 strain, tentatively designated as BatCoV HKU9-2202, by sequencing the full-length genome. The BatCoV HKU9-2202 shared 83% nucleotide identity with other BatCoV HKU9 stains based on whole genome sequences. The most divergent region is in the spike protein, which only shares 68% amino acid identity with BatCoV HKU9. Quantitative PCR revealed that the intestine was the primary infection organ of BatCoV HKU9 and GCCDC1, but some HKU9 was also detected in the heart, kidney, and lung tissues of bats. This study highlights the importance of virus surveillance in natural reservoirs and emphasizes the need for preparedness against the potential spill-over of these viruses to local residents living near bat caves.
Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) infects many mammalian species including humans, bats, and domestic animals. To determine the prevalence of MRV in bats in the United States, we screened more than 900 bats of different species collected during 2015–2019 by a real‐time reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction assay; 4.4% bats tested MRV‐positive and 13 MRVs were isolated. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that these isolates belonged to four different strains/genotypes of viruses in Serotypes 1 or 2, which contain genes similar to those of MRVs detected in humans, bats, bovine, and deer. Further characterization showed that these four MRV strains replicated efficiently on human, canine, monkey, ferret, and swine cell lines. The 40/Bat/USA/2018 strain belonging to the Serotype 1 demonstrated the ability to infect and transmit in pigs without prior adaptation. Taken together, this is evidence for different genotypes and serotypes of MRVs circulating in US bats, which can be a mixing vessel of MRVs that may spread to other species, including humans, resulting in cross‐species infections.
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