First identification of mammalian orthoreovirus type 3 by gut virome analysis in diarrheic child in Brazil

Abstract

Diarrhea remains one of the most common causes of deaths in children. Although many studies have investigated the prevalence of enteric pathogens around the globe some diarrheal episodes remain unexplained. It is possible that some yet-unidentified viral agents could be related to these cases of gastroenteritis. By using viral metagenomics techniques, we screened 251 fecal samples of children between 0.5 to 2.5-year-old with acute diarrhea not associated with common pathogens. These children live in rural areas and have different levels of contact with animals such as pigs, cows and bats. Here we report a complete genome of one mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) type 3, denoted TO-151/BR, detected in a female child in the state of Tocantins (north of Brazil). Brazilian TO-151/BR strain was classified as MRV-3 based on S1 phylogeny and was closely related to porcine Asian strains. Phylogenetic analyses showed that other segments were more similar to MRV-3s of different geographic locations and hosts, including human and bats, highlighting genome reassortment and lack of host-specific barriers. This is the first report of MRV-3 in South America and a hypothesis of a silent long-term circulation of this virus in Brazil has been raised.

Viral gastroenteritis in Tocantins, Brazil: characterizing the diversity of human adenovirus F through next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics

“…The samples described above were initially sent to the Public Health Laboratory of Tocantins (LACEN-TO) and stored at −20 °C, and the frozen faecal specimens were then taken to USP's Institute of Tropical Medicine (IMT/USP) to identify common enteric viruses, including RVAs, NoVs, HAstVs [32], and HSaVs [33], as well as rare [34][35][36] or potential new viruses [37][38][39][40][41][42], through NGS investigation.…”

Characterization of mammalian orthoreoviruses isolated from faeces of pigs in Zambia

“…Although MRVs are widely distributed in humans, livestock and wild animals in Asia, Europe and North, and South America [2,16,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]29], they have never been detected from pigs in Africa and their epidemiological information in Africa is limited. In this study, we report the isolation and characterization of MRVs circulating in a pig population in Zambia.…”

“…MRV has a wide geographic distribution, and it has spread to North and South America, Asia, Europe and Africa [2,16,26,27,29]. Among African countries, only two MRVs have been reported in Cameroon: a T4N strain, a prototype of serotype 4, isolated from a rodent [11,30,31]; and the CMR-HP55 strain detected from children with diarrhea [27].…”

Emerging Roles of Gut Virome in Pediatric Diseases

“…Indeed, gut virome analysis in Cameroonian children with unexplained diarrhea reveals the presence of known viruses previously never associated with diarrheal diseases such as Picobirnavirus, Anellovirus and Smacovirus [ 85 ]. As well, viruses that are uncommon causes of gastroenteritis in humans, such as the mammalian Orthoreovirus, were identified in the gut virome of children with diarrhea in Cameroon [ 90 ] and Brazil [ 91 ].…”