Characterization and Fungicide Sensitivity of Colletotrichum spp. from Different Hosts in Shandong, China

Abstract

Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum species, can severely infect the fruits and leaves of more than 30 plants and thus results in great yield and quality losses. To identify the major Colletotrichum species infecting walnut fruits, strawberry leaves, grape fruits, and tea leaves in Shandong Province, China, 101 strains were collected and isolated. The morphological characteristics of all isolates were observed, and multilocus phylogenetic analyses (ITS, GAPDH, ACT, TUB2, CAL, CHS-1, and HIS3) were conducted on the representative isolates. The strains were identified as five Colletotrichum species, namely, C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto, C. fructicola, C. camelliae, C. acutatum sensu stricto, and C. viniferum. Among them, C. viniferum was reported for the first time from walnut fruits and strawberry leaves in Shandong Province, China. Corresponding leaves or fruits were used as a model to clarify the pathogenicity of these isolates. The results showed that C. fructicola obtained from strawberry leaves was more aggressive than C. viniferum. All of the isolates obtained from various hosts were highly sensitive to pyraclostrobin, difenoconazole, fludioxonil, tebuconazole, pyrisoxazole, and tetramycin in terms of mycelial growth inhibition (EC50 values of 0.07 to 1.63 mg/liter). The fastest mycelial growth was observed in the temperature range of 25–28°C for all isolates. In addition, anthracnose symptoms occur frequently under these conditions. Overall, this study can improve the understanding of Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose in walnut fruits, strawberry leaves, grape fruits, and tea leaves and can provide a solid foundation for the effective control of this disease in different hosts.

Overexpression of MdIPT8 Encodes an Isopentenyl Transferase Enzyme Enhances Resistance to Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides in apple (Malus Domestica)

“…In fruit trees, apple is one of the most in uential economic value (Zhang et al 2019b). Nevertheless, apple production is diminished via many kinds of fungal diseases (He et al 2018). Apple anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum spp., causes signi cant yield losses to the growers (Moreira et al 2021).…”

“…The pathogen resistance of apple trees determines the quality of fruits (Zhang et al 2019b). When fungi attack apple trees, pathogens seriously hinder their growing and developing (He et al 2018). C. gloeosporioides is a fungal pathogen that constitutes a serious threat to orchards occurring in tropical and subtropical (Moreira et al 2021).…”

Colletotrichum species causing grape ripe rot disease in Vitis labrusca and V. vinifera varieties in the highlands of southern Brazil

“…As the disease only becomes evident during the ripening period, products for chemical control measures are limited, and their efficiency is reduced during rainy and hot years. Furthermore, Colletotrichum species responsible for ripe rot of grapes vary greatly in their virulence and susceptibility to fungicides (Peng et al, 2013;Gang et al, 2015;Hei et al, 2019).…”

“…In a preliminary survey of Colletotrichum species in southern Brazil, we identified six species by ITS sequencing, including representatives of the gloeosporioides, acutatum and boninense clades (Echeverrigaray et al, 2019). Although similar, these species showed important differences in their host specificity, pathogenic potential, and fungicide resistance (Peng et al, 2013;Hei et al, 2019), which points to the need for classification at the species level to establish appropriate prophylactic and control strategies.…”

Chemical Composition of a Supercritical Fluid (Sfe-CO2) Extract from Baeckea frutescens L. Leaves and Its Bioactivity Against Two Pathogenic Fungi Isolated from the Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze)

“…Some research has showed that planting disease-resistant varieties of C. sinensis has a certain effect on controlling the tea plant disease infected by Pestalotiopsis species [14]. In addition, the Colletotrichum species is also a common group of plant pathogens that are responsible for anthracnose diseases [15,16]. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides could lead to tea anthracnose disease, which a is serious foliar disease of the tea plant and causes severe damage accompanied by high yield losses [17].…”