“…Recent studies have shown that HA can be produced by PEO of titanium and its alloys. Usually, however, long process times (>20 min) or two-step procedures are required and the HA produced is of low crystallinity 48,49 . In titanium oxidation using PEO other structures such as anatase, rutile, and phosphates are also produced.…”
Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) is promising for the processing of biomaterials because it enables the production of surfaces with adjustable composition and structure. In this work, aimed at the improvement of the bioactivity of titanium, PEO has been used to grow calcium phosphide coatings on titanium substrates. The effects of the addition of magnesium acetate to the electrolytes on the composition of the coatings produced during 120 s on Ti disks using bipolar voltage pulses and solutions of calcium and magnesium acetates and sodium glycerophosphate as electrolytes have been studied. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry with Rietveld refinement and profilometry were used to characterize the modified samples. Coatings composed of nearly 50 % of Mg-doped hydroxyapatite have been produced. In certain conditions up to 4% Mg can be incorporated into the coating without any observable significant structural modifications of the hydroxyapatite.
“…Recent studies have shown that HA can be produced by PEO of titanium and its alloys. Usually, however, long process times (>20 min) or two-step procedures are required and the HA produced is of low crystallinity 48,49 . In titanium oxidation using PEO other structures such as anatase, rutile, and phosphates are also produced.…”
Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) is promising for the processing of biomaterials because it enables the production of surfaces with adjustable composition and structure. In this work, aimed at the improvement of the bioactivity of titanium, PEO has been used to grow calcium phosphide coatings on titanium substrates. The effects of the addition of magnesium acetate to the electrolytes on the composition of the coatings produced during 120 s on Ti disks using bipolar voltage pulses and solutions of calcium and magnesium acetates and sodium glycerophosphate as electrolytes have been studied. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry with Rietveld refinement and profilometry were used to characterize the modified samples. Coatings composed of nearly 50 % of Mg-doped hydroxyapatite have been produced. In certain conditions up to 4% Mg can be incorporated into the coating without any observable significant structural modifications of the hydroxyapatite.
“…DEFORM-3D has some features such as good robustness, easy to use and powerful simulation engine, relative to other cutting process simulation software. Durdu et al (2013) and Wen (2015) et al introduced that TC4 is a typical α+β titanium and is widely used in aviation, aerospace, marine and other fields [3]. The cutting process research of TC4 is important role to reduce processing cost and expand application scope of TC4.…”
“…When these materials are implanted into the human body, they can elicit a specific biological response at the interface between tissue and materials, resulting in the formation of a biological bond between the material and natural tissues [2,3]. However, these bioactive materials, owing to their poor mechanical properties such as brittleness and low fatigue resistance, cannot be used in load bearing applications [4][5][6].…”
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