Characterization and electrical analysis of carbon-based solid lubricant coatings

Alderete, Bruno; Mücklich, Frank; Súarez, Sebastián

doi:10.1016/j.cartre.2022.100156

Cited by 11 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Nonetheless, as previously mentioned, the conclusions drawn from this analysis on wetting behavior can be extrapolated to non-electrical-related applications. Considering that CB, GFs, and GO have a higher impact on Cu’s ECR, only one coating of each CNP was analyzed to qualitatively assess their potential atmospheric protection. CNH and CNT, on the other hand, do not significantly increase the ECR of the substrate .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This could potentially jeopardize the coating’s wetting behavior, with the fluid infiltrating into the coating and thus achieving low CA. In the GO coating, however, the voids are primarily caused by GO agglomerates, and to a lesser extent due to large individual GO particlessince characterization on the as-received GO particles showed the presence of larger GO flakes among the agglomerated GO bundles . These voids are also a cause of concern, similar to the GF coating.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These Cu platelets were ground using P1200 grit silicon carbide grinding paper, followed by a polishing sequence consisting of 6, 3, and 1 μm diamond suspensions, thus obtaining a mirror-polished surface prior to EPD. The deposition procedure and parameters (except for deposition time) are the same as reported in references , . A schematic representation of the EPD setup is shown in Figure , with the deposition parameters for each CNP shown in Table .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the focus of this work is on electrical contacts, the conclusions can be extrapolated to other applications. Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) was chosen due to its relative simplicity, easily controllable coating thicknesses, and modest equipment requirements. − The deposition process is explained in further detail in references , , . The parameters for the deposition processas well as the selection of the CNP for this studywere chosen on the basis of their influence on the conductivity of the contacting material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the deposition time should be selected accordingly. Graphite flakes (GFs), graphene oxide (GO), carbon nanohorns (CNHs), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been thoroughly characterized in a previous study, highlighting their potential use as solid lubricant alternative in electrical contactsprimarily CNTs and CNHs. Moreover, these CNPs are of particular interest in this study as a consequence of their hydrophobic behavior. ,− Apart from GO, all previous studies report hydrophobic behavior of these CNPs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feasibility of Carbon Nanoparticle Coatings as Protective Barriers for Copper─Wetting Assessment

et al. 2022

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Copper is extensively used in a wide range of industrial and daily-life applications, varying from heat exchangers to electrical wiring. Although it is protected from oxidation by its native oxide layer, when subjected to harsh environmental conditionssuch as in coastal regionsthis metal can rapidly degrade. Therefore, in this study, we analyze the potential use of carbon nanoparticle coatings as protective barriers due to their intrinsic hydrophobic wetting behavior. The nanocarbon coatings were produced via electrophoretic deposition on Cu platelets and characterized via scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and sessile drop test; the latter being the primary focus since it provides insights into the wetting behavior of the produced coatings. Among the measured coatings, graphite flakes, graphene oxide, and carbon nanotube (CNT) coatings showed superhydrophobic behavior. Based on their wetting behavior, and specifically for electrical applications, CNT coatings showed the most promising results since these coatings do not significantly impact the substrate’s electrical conductivity. Although CNT agglomerates do not affect the wetting behavior of the attained coatings, the coating’s thickness plays an important role. Therefore, to completely coat the substrate, the CNT coating should be sufficiently thickabove approximately 1 μm.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feasibility of Carbon Nanoparticle Coatings as Protective Barriers for Copper─Wetting Assessment

et al. 2022

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Wear Reduction via CNT Coatings in Electrical Contacts Subjected to Fretting

2023

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Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are of great interest to the research community due to their outstanding mechanical, transport, and optical properties. These nanoparticles have also shown exceptional lubricating capabilities, which coupled with their electrical conductivity show promising results as solid lubricants in electrical contacts. In this study, three different CNT coatings were deposited over copper platelets via electrophoretic deposition and subsequently tribo-electrically characterized including electrical contact resistance evolution during fretting wear, wear protection, chemical analysis of fretting marks, as well as influence of CNT coating thickness, duration and normal load applied during fretting, and atmospheric humidity. Thicker CNT coatings show improved wear protection while retaining similar electrical behavior as uncoated copper, or even improving its electrical contact resistance. Moreover, the compaction of the porous CNT coating is crucial for optimal electrical performance at low humidity. For longer fretting tests (150,000 and 500,000 cycles), the coatings are displaced thus affecting the wear protection offered. However, the coatings stabilize and reduce ECR compared to uncoated samples. Furthermore, thicker CNT coatings can bear higher loads during fretting due to the increased lubricant reservoir, with carbonaceous tribofilm remaining at the contacting interface after 5,000 fretting cycles regardless of normal load. Graphical Abstract

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Evaluating the effect of unidirectional loading on the piezoresistive characteristics of carbon nanoparticles

Alderete,

Mücklich,

Suarez

2024

Sci Rep

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The piezoresistive effect of materials can be adopted for a plethora of sensing applications, including force sensors, structural health monitoring, motion detection in fabrics and wearable, etc. Although metals are the most widely adopted material for sensors due to their reliability and affordability, they are significantly affected by temperature. This work examines the piezoresistive performance of carbon nanoparticle (CNP) bulk powders and discusses their potential applications based on strain-induced changes in their resistance and displacement. The experimental results are correlated with the characteristics of the nanoparticles, namely, dimensionality and structure. This report comprehensively characterizes the piezoresistive behavior of carbon black (CB), onion-like carbon (OLC), carbon nanohorns (CNH), carbon nanotubes (CNT), dispersed carbon nanotubes (CNT-D), graphite flakes (GF), and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP). The characterization includes assessment of the ohmic range, load-dependent electrical resistance and displacement tracking, a modified gauge factor for bulk powders, and morphological evaluation of the CNP. Two-dimensional nanostructures exhibit promising results for low loads due to their constant compression-to-displacement relationship. Additionally, GF could also be used for high load applications. OLC’s compression-to-displacement relationship fluctuates, however, for high load it tends to stabilize. CNH could be applicable for both low and high loading conditions since its compression-to-displacement relationship fluctuates in the mid-load range. CB and CNT show the most promising results, as demonstrated by their linear load-resistance curves (logarithmic scale) and constant compression-to-displacement relationship. The dispersion process for CNT is unnecessary, as smaller agglomerates cause fluctuations in their compression-to-displacement relationship with negligible influence on its electrical performance.

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Characterization and electrical analysis of carbon-based solid lubricant coatings

Cited by 11 publications

References 62 publications

Feasibility of Carbon Nanoparticle Coatings as Protective Barriers for Copper─Wetting Assessment

Feasibility of Carbon Nanoparticle Coatings as Protective Barriers for Copper─Wetting Assessment

Wear Reduction via CNT Coatings in Electrical Contacts Subjected to Fretting

Evaluating the effect of unidirectional loading on the piezoresistive characteristics of carbon nanoparticles

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