Characterization and comparisons of microbiota in different intestinal segments between adult Chinese Shanxi Black Pigs and Large White Pigs

Gao, Pengfei; Guo, Yanjun; Zhang, Ningfang; Zhang, Wanfeng; Wang, Hejie; Guo, Xiaohong; Duan, Zhenfeng; Du, Min; Yang, Qiyuan; Li, Yaping; Cao, Guoqing

doi:10.1007/s13213-018-1430-3

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This has been observed in many other studies on the porcine ileal microbiota in pigs of comparable age [ 7 , 17 ] and in older pigs [ 18 – 21 ]. This clear dominance at phylum level in older pigs was driven by the high abundance of Anaerobacter and Turicibacter at 90 days old [ 21 ], Lactobacillus at 150 days old [ 19 ] and Clostridium at 300 days old [ 20 ]. In piglets of comparable age to our study, it was found that the ileal and mucosal microbiota were dominated by Lactobacillus , Clostridiaceae and Turicibacter [ 7 ] and Peptostreptoccaceae and Streptococcaceae [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and nutritional effects on the weaner pig ileal microbiota

et al. 2021

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Background The porcine gastrointestinal microbiota has been linked to both host health and performance. Most pig gut microbiota studies target faecal material, which is not representative of microbiota dynamics in other discrete gut sections. The weaning transition period in pigs is a key development stage, with gastrointestinal problems being prominent after often sudden introduction to a solid diet. A better understanding of both temporal and nutritional effects on the small intestinal microbiota is required. Here, the development of the porcine ileal microbiota under differing levels of dietary protein was observed over the immediate post-weaning period. Results Ileal digesta samples were obtained at post-mortem prior to weaning day (day − 1) for baseline measurements. The remaining pigs were introduced to either an 18% (low) or 23% (high) protein diet on weaning day (day 0) and further ileal digesta sampling was carried out at days 5, 9 and 13 post-weaning. We identified significant changes in microbiome structure (P = 0.01), a reduction in microbiome richness (P = 0.02) and changes in the abundance of specific bacterial taxa from baseline until 13 days post-weaning. The ileal microbiota became less stable after the introduction to a solid diet at weaning (P = 0.036), was highly variable between pigs and no relationship was observed between average daily weight gain and microbiota composition. The ileal microbiota was less stable in pigs fed the high protein diet (P = 0.05), with several pathogenic bacterial genera being significantly higher in abundance in this group. Samples from the low protein and high protein groups did not cluster separately by their CAZyme (carbohydrate-active enzyme) composition, but GH33 exosialidases were found to be significantly more abundant in the HP group (P = 0.006). Conclusions The weaner pig ileal microbiota changed rapidly and was initially destabilised by the sudden introduction to feed. Nutritional composition influenced ileal microbiota development, with the high protein diet being associated with an increased abundance of significant porcine pathogens and the upregulation of GH33 exosialidases—which can influence host-microbe interactions and pathogenicity. These findings contribute to our understanding of a lesser studied gut compartment that is not only a key site of digestion, but also a target for the development of nutritional interventions to improve gut health and host growth performance during the critical weaning transition period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and nutritional effects on the weaner pig ileal microbiota

et al. 2021

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“…These results indicate that the microbial composition changes dynamically during the growth and development period of piglets. In this study, except for the primary stage of the Jinfen White piglets, Lactobacillus was the core bacteria in the ileum of all samples, which is frequently observed in the guts of pigs ( Valeriano et al, 2017 ; Gao et al, 2019a ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Comparative Evaluation of the Ileum Microbiota Composition in Piglets at Different Growth Stages

Liu

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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Intestinal microbiota can affect the intake, storage, and absorption of nutrients in the body, thereby greatly impacting the growth and development of animals. In addition to diet, the breed and growth stages of pigs could also affect changes in the intestinal microbiota. However, research on the developmental changes in the ileum microbiota of piglets remains unclear. In this study, the ileum microbiota of Jinfen White and Mashen piglets at different developmental stages were investigated using 16S rRNA sequencing. Physiologically, the villus height of the ileum decreased, and the crypt depth increased during the development of the two pig breeds. Additionally, the serum antioxidant factors in the Jinfen White piglets were significantly higher than in the Mashen piglets at the end of the nursing stage. A total of 690 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to 21 phyla and 286 genera were identified, of which Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla during the development of both the Jinfen White and Mashen piglets, accounting for ∼90% of all OTUs. Further research revealed differences in dominant bacteria between the two breeds. With increasing age, the ileum microbial diversity increased, and in both the pig breeds, the proportion of Firmicutes increased, whereas the proportion of Proteobacteria decreased. Additionally, different samples were characterized by specific genera, and different Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were predicted at certain developmental stages. Finally, the correlation between the ileum microbiota and physiological features was analyzed, and it was suggested that the host and environmental factors play important roles in the formation of the microbial community structure in piglets. In summary, we delineated the structure, function, and differences in ileum microbiota between Jinfen White and Mashen piglets during different growth stages. This study helps to understand the development of the intestinal microbiota in local and hybrid pig breeds.

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“…In the early stage of the experiment, we conducted a cold stress test on Mashen pigs and other breeds of pigs and found that Mashen pigs had better health status and smaller changes in body temperature. We found that the bacterial microbiome of Mashen pigs and other pig breed is very different and the bacterial flora has a certain impact on the growth performance of pigs ( 25 , 26 ). However, whether the difference of microbes influencing cold resistance or not remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effect of Different Pig Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Mice Intestinal Function and Microbiota Changes During Cold Exposure

Liu

Guo

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Cold stress influences intestinal processes, causing physiological and immunological responses in animals. Intestinal microbiota participates in maintaining the stability of the intestinal environment. However, phenotypic characteristics and the effects of porcine microbiota changes under cold conditions remain poorly understood. Here, the fecal microbiota of cold tolerant breed (Mashen) and cold sensitive breed (Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire) was transferred to germ-free mice, respectively. After a cold exposure (4°C) for 21 days, intestinal function and microbe changes of mice were explored. The results showed that Mashen pigs microbiota transplantation made the body temperature of the mice stable, in which the fat weight and expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (Cpt1b), and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC-1α) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of the control group. The results of intestinal structure and expression of serum inflammatory factors showed that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) mice have more intact intestinal structure and high expression of proinflammatory factor such as interleukin-4 (IL-4). The study of mice fecal microbiome characterized via 16S rRNA sequencing found that pig microbiota transplantation changed the abundance of Firmicutes. In addition, it identified discriminative features of Firmicutes in the microbiota between two breeds of pig, in which Clostridiaceae were enriched in the microbiota community of Mashen pig and Coriobacteriales were significantly (P < 0.05) enriched in the Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire pig microbiota transplantation group based on linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis. Finally, we found that the content of propionic acid and butyric acid in rectal contents significantly changed and the abundances of Clostridium and Lachnospira showed significant correlations with changes in short-chain fatty acids. The results suggest that pig fecal microbiota transplantation can alleviate the changes in physiological and biochemical indicators in mice caused by cold exposure. Mice have gut microbes altered and improved gut barrier function via fecal microbiota transplantation in pigs.

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Characterization and comparisons of microbiota in different intestinal segments between adult Chinese Shanxi Black Pigs and Large White Pigs

Cited by 3 publications

References 39 publications

Temporal and nutritional effects on the weaner pig ileal microbiota

Temporal and nutritional effects on the weaner pig ileal microbiota

Comparative Evaluation of the Ileum Microbiota Composition in Piglets at Different Growth Stages

Effect of Different Pig Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Mice Intestinal Function and Microbiota Changes During Cold Exposure

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