Characterization and assessment of Al Ruwais refinery wastewater

Zarooni, Mohamed Al; Elshorbagy, Walid

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.09.060

Cited by 113 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Most countries specify the maximum allowable concentration of phenols in the effluent streams to be less than 1 mg/l [16], [17]. The legislations in the UAE limit the total phenols in industrial water discharged to the marine environment to 0.1 mg/l [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Behavior in Biodegradation of 2, 4 Dichlorophenol: Is It a Starvation Effect?

Al-Khalid¹,

El‐Naas²

2013

IJCEA

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Abstract-Batch experiments were carried out to examine the biomass acclimatization during the aerobic biodegradation of 2, 4 dichlorophenol (2, 4 DCP) by Pseudomonas putida immobilized in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel pellets in a bubble column bioreactor. The bacteria was acclimatized to 2, 4 DCP with concentrations of up to 200 mg/l, with and without the addition of glucose. After the acclimatization, experiments were carried out with initial 2, 4 DCP concentrations ranging from 25 to 100 mg/l. In the course of the study, a phenomenon was noticed that can be related to the effect of carbon starvation on the biodegradation ability of the bacterial cells. This paper presents the results on this phenomenon. Starved cells showed higher growth and degradation rates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Behavior in Biodegradation of 2, 4 Dichlorophenol: Is It a Starvation Effect?

Al-Khalid¹,

El‐Naas²

2013

IJCEA

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“…The nominal concentrations of FLU, PHE, FLA, PYR, and BAP in the mixed solution were 1, 1, 0.25, 0.15, and 0.1 mg ml À1 , respectively. These PAHs and their concentrations were found in industrial wastewaters generated from oilprocessing activities [25,26] and represent the maximum water solubility of the PAH compounds except BAP [27]. Four heavy metals-cadmium (Cd 2þ ), copper (Cu 2þ ), zinc (Zn 2þ ), and nickel (Ni 2þ ) in the forms of CdCl 2 Á 2.5H 2 O, CuSO 4 Á 5H 2 O, ZnSO 4 Á 7H 2 O, and NiCl 2 Á 6H 2 O, respectively, obtained from Sigma-Aldrich-were dissolved in deionized water and simultaneously added to the SE medium at three different concentrations.…”

Section: Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Combined toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals to biochemical and antioxidant responses of free and immobilized Selenastrum capricornutum

Wang¹,

Luo²,

Lin³

et al. 2013

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-The aquatic environment often contains different groups of contaminants, but their combined toxicity on microalgae has seldom been reported. The present study compared the toxic effects of combined mixed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals on growth and antioxidant responses of free and immobilized microalga, Selenastrum capricornutum. Five PAHsphenanthrene, fluorene, fluoranthene, pyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene-and four heavy metals at different concentrations-0.05 to 0.1 mg Cd 2þ ml À1 , 0.05 to 1 mg Cu 2þ ml À1 , 0.05 to 1 mg Zn 2þ ml À1 , and 0.5 to 2.5 mg Ni 2þ ml À1 -were examined. Results showed that the chlorophyll a content of free and immobilized S. capricornutum was not affected by PAHs but was significantly inhibited by heavy metals. Conversely, the antioxidant parameters, including the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, were significantly induced by both PAHs and metals. For the combined toxic effects of PAHs and heavy metals, cell growth and antioxidant responses varied with exposure time and contaminants and differed between free and immobilized cells. The effects of cocontaminants on the GSH content in free cells were mainly synergistic but changed to antagonistic in immobilized cells. The toxic effects of cocontamination on free cells were also more obvious than those on immobilized cells. These findings suggest that immobilization offers some protection to microalgal cells against toxic contaminants causing differences in the interaction and responses to combined toxicants between free and immobilized cells. Immobilized cells might be more suitable for treating wastewater containing toxic contaminants than free cells. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:673-683. # 2012 SETAC

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“…Meanwhile, petrochemical industry derives its feedstock from reined products, which are transformed into valuable products such as plastics, synthetic materials and agro chemicals [4]. Large amounts of water are consumed in oil reineries for cooling systems, crude desalting, distillation, hydrotreating and during maintenance and shut down [8].…”

Section: Sources Of Wastewater In Petroleum Reinerymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversion processes include thermal and catalytic cracking, steam reforming, isomerization, alkylation and lube oil units, whereas treatment processes include naphtha and gas oil desulfurization, sour water strippers and catalyst regeneration units [8]. The composition of RWW is highly dependent on the complexity of the process.…”

Section: Sources Of Wastewater In Petroleum Reinerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Contaminants in Refinery Wastewater: Characterization and Novel Approaches for Biotreatment

Al-Khalid¹,

El‐Naas²

2018

Recent Insights in Petroleum Science and Engineering

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Addressing major environmental issues, such as water pollution, is essential nowadays in realizing sustainable development. The ever-increasing world population and industrial development have led to the introduction of diferent types of chemicals to the environment, leading to considerable deterioration in environmental quality. A major class of these chemicals is phenolic compounds, which are hazardous pollutants and highly toxic even at low concentrations. In recent years, researchers have realized the importance of extracting new bacterial strains that are efective in treating diferent types of highly contaminated wastewaters at diferent severe conditions. They also focused considerable amount of research on developing new types of reactors that would provide eicient mixing and reduce mass transfer limitations. The aim is to develop and evaluate efective reactor systems and biocatalysts for the biodegradation of major contaminants in petroleum reinery wastewater. This chapter examines the diferent available options for the treatment of reinery wastewater with more focus on novel biotreatment options.

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Characterization and assessment of Al Ruwais refinery wastewater

Cited by 113 publications

References 6 publications

Transient Behavior in Biodegradation of 2, 4 Dichlorophenol: Is It a Starvation Effect?

Transient Behavior in Biodegradation of 2, 4 Dichlorophenol: Is It a Starvation Effect?

Combined toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals to biochemical and antioxidant responses of free and immobilized Selenastrum capricornutum

Organic Contaminants in Refinery Wastewater: Characterization and Novel Approaches for Biotreatment

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