Characterization and antioxidant activity of semi-purified extracts and pure delphinidin-glycosides from eggplant peel ( Solanum melongena L.)

Braga, Pier Carlo; Scalzo, Roberto Lo; Sasso, M. Dal; Lattuada, N.; Greco, Valentina; Fibiani, Marta

doi:10.1016/j.jff.2015.10.032

Cited by 41 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Beauty') were analysed by HPLC-MS and they found delphinidin-3-glucoside and delphinidin-3-rutinoside as the major anthocyanins in the extract, which is contrary to the results of Noda et al (2000), who reported that delphinidin-3coumaroylrutinoside-5-glucoside was the major anthocyanin in eggplant. In agreement with literature data, eggplant anthocyanins are represented by delphinidin (Braga et al, 2016;Zaro et al, 2014), where delphinidin-3-rutinoside (Todaro et al, 2009) have been identified as the major delphinidin-glycosides in eggplant peels (Braga et al, 2016). On the other hand, for the acetone extract only delphinidin-3-rutinoside and delphinidin-3-glucoside were assessed, the other anthocyanins being undetectable (Figure 3).…”

Section: The Anthocyanins Profile Determination By High Performance Lsupporting

confidence: 89%

Extraction and characterization of bioactive compounds from eggplant peel using ultrasound – assisted extraction

Horincar¹,

Enachi²,

Stănciuc³

et al. 2019

Ann.UDJG.FoodTechnology

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This study followed the bioactive compounds extraction and the antioxidant potential of the eggplant peel, using three different solvents (ethanol, methanol and acetone). The successive extraction of total monomeric anthocyanin (TMA), total flavonoids (TFC), and total phenolic compounds (TPC) from eggplant peel was done by using an ultrasound -assisted extraction. The results showed that the highest bioactive compounds content was achieved for the methanol extract, which was characterized by 0.74 g D-3G/g d.w. of TMA, 5.48 g CE /g d.w. of TFC, 14.72 g GAE/g d.w. of TPC, compared to the ethanol and acetone extracts. Moreover, for the methanol extract, six anthocyanins were identified (delphinidin-3-rutinoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, delphinidin-3rutinoside-5-glucoside, malvidin-3-rutinoside-5-glucoside and petunidin-3rutinoside), while for the ethanol extract, five anthocyanins were identified (all without malvidin-3-rutinoside-5-glucoside) and for the acetone extract only two anthocyanins were detected (delphinidin-3-rutinoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside). The antioxidant potential of the eggplant extracts was investigated by DPPH method. Results showed that the methanol extract had the highest antioxidant activity (51% inhibition of DPPH radical at a concentration 27.2 mM TE/g d.w.), followed by the ethanol and acetone extracts (39 % and 33% DPPH radical inhibition rate at a concentration 22.4 and 17.04 mM TE/g d.w., respectively). Ultrasound-assisted extraction is promising because the extracts rich in bioactive compounds can be obtained at low cost.

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Section: The Anthocyanins Profile Determination By High Performance Lsupporting

confidence: 89%

Extraction and characterization of bioactive compounds from eggplant peel using ultrasound – assisted extraction

Horincar¹,

Enachi²,

Stănciuc³

et al. 2019

Ann.UDJG.FoodTechnology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In delphinidin and petunidin, the bond lengths of O21–H32 (0.977 and 0.977 Å, respectively) and O22–H33 (0.975 and 0.975 Å, respectively) were significantly longer than other sites. So, the result emerged that O21 and O22 were excited sites, which was closely matching the previous researches (Braga et al, ; Lu, Qiang, Li, Zhang, & Zhang, ). Moreover, OH groups in B‐ring contributed greatly to the antioxidant activities, whereas OH groups in A‐ring and C‐ring played relatively little role.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…So, the result emerged that O21 and O22 were excited sites, which was closely matching the previous researches (Braga et al, 2016;Lu, Qiang, Li, Zhang, & Zhang, 2014). Moreover, OH groups in Bring contributed greatly to the antioxidant activities, whereas OH groups in A-ring and C-ring played relatively little role.…”

Section: Geometry Optimizationsupporting

confidence: 85%

The antioxidant activity and active sites of delphinidin and petunidin measured by DFT, in vitro chemical‐based and cell‐based assays

Chen

et al. 2019

J Food Biochem

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A computational DFT B3LYP method with 6‐311G (d,p) basis set, the in vitro chemical‐based and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assays were applied in this study to explain the structure–antioxidant activity relationships of delphinidin and petunidin. The compound molecular structures, spectral properties, frontier orbital energy, and transition state of delphinidin and petunidin were compared. In transition state, the result of the active site (O21–H32 and O22–H33) was consistent with the result of bond length. The frontier orbital theory results indicated that the probable antioxidant activity order was petunidin (0.09126 a.u.) > delphinidin (0.09175 a.u.), which agreed well with the cell‐based antioxidant activity determined by CAA. However, the order of ABTS•+ and DPPH radical scavenging activity was delphinidin > petunidin. Our study could help to provide a rational approach for the investigation of antioxidant activity of phytochemicals. Practical applications As anthocyanins, delphinidin and petunidin with great antioxidant activity are widely found in various fruits and vegetables. However, there are many kinds of methods used to measure their antioxidant activity and the antioxidant mechanism which are not concrete and clear. Therefore, it is crucial to study the antioxidant actvity of anthocyanins utilizing the DFT method combined with in vitro chemical‐based and cell‐based assays. Our study could contribute not only to the elucidation of chemical mechanism of antioxidants and exploration the structural features in essence, but also to promote the further development of phytochemicals in the field of food chemistry and pharmacy.

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“…Delphinidin derivatives are particularly rich in eggplants with concentrations as great as 85.7 mg/100 g (Ferarsa et al., 2018; Wu et al., 2006). Moreover, delphinidin‐3‐rutinoside has been identified as the major component in peel of non‐Japanese type cultivars (Braga et al., 2016). Customarily, its peel is discarded as food waste before preparation for consumption and processing, which will bring economic losses (Kazemi, Khodaiyan, & Hosseini, 2019; Ravindran & Jaiswal, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic liquid‐modified countercurrent chromatographic isolation of high‐purity delphinidin‐3‐rutinoside from eggplant peel

Fan

Cao

et al. 2020

Journal of Food Science

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Delphinidin-3-rutinoside, a high-value of anthocyanin, was isolated and purified by ionic liquid (IL)-modified countercurrent chromatography (CCC) from waste peel of eggplant (Solanum melongena), one of the most common vegetables consumed all around the world. Different conventional CCC and IL-CCC solvent systems were evaluated in respect of partition coefficient (K), separation factor (α), and stationary phase retention factor (S f ) to separate polar target and other components. Basic solvent system, kind of ILs, and amount of ILs were systematically optimized by totally Ktargeted strategy, which drastically reduced the experimental effort. Finally, a novel CCC two-phase solvent system (methyl tert-butyl ether-butanol-acetonitrile-1% trifluoroacetic acid water-1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C 4 MIM][PF 6 ]) [2:4:1:5:0.2; v/v/v/v/v]) was successfully established and applied. The baseline separation of target fraction was obtained in one cycle process. The purity of delphinidin-3-rutinoside was over 99%. Moreover, the distribution behavior of different kinds of ILs in biphasic solvent system and the removal method of ILs were explored. The results showed that hydrophobic IL significantly improved the partition of polar anthocyanin in organic solvent system, thereby the separation resolution and stationary phase retention through introducing intermolecular forces. This IL-modified CCC strategy may be applied for the separation of other anthocyanins from variety of natural food resources and waste.

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Characterization and antioxidant activity of semi-purified extracts and pure delphinidin-glycosides from eggplant peel ( Solanum melongena L.)

Cited by 41 publications

References 30 publications

Extraction and characterization of bioactive compounds from eggplant peel using ultrasound – assisted extraction

Extraction and characterization of bioactive compounds from eggplant peel using ultrasound – assisted extraction

The antioxidant activity and active sites of delphinidin and petunidin measured by DFT, in vitro chemical‐based and cell‐based assays

Ionic liquid‐modified countercurrent chromatographic isolation of high‐purity delphinidin‐3‐rutinoside from eggplant peel

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