Characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of biofilm-producing Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli from broiler chickens and their environment in India

Grakh, Kushal; Mittal, Dinesh; Prakash, Anand; Jindal, Naresh

doi:10.1007/s11259-021-09881-5

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Intestinal content is retained longer in the ceca, creating a niche for extensive microbial fermentation. Because of these characteristics, the ceca are the main focus of most chicken microbiome studies, Grakh et al (2022); Lu et al (2003). However, in the present study we chose to sample the ileum due to previous research indicating that it contains a significant proportion of Lactobacillus species, Lu et al (2003) and that the cecum, where obligate anaerobes are predominant, Knarreborg et al (2002), has been widely studied already.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ten of the farms were affected by avian colibacillosis and had a flock size of 44500 ± 36320, while the other 10 farms were a healthy flock with size of 28500 ± 28968. Colibacillosis affected broiler chicken farms were identified for sample collection based on the criteria of Vandekerchove et al (2004) which includes a reported increase in mortality compared to normal routine mortality, detection of typical or compatible lesions during necropsy, and isolation of E. coli from the heart, liver, or lungs in pure or abundant cultures Grakh et al (2022). Broiler that showed typical clinical signs of colibacillosis such as watery diarrhea, weakness, anorexia and weight loss were considered as diseased, Matin et al (2017).…”

Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Study on the Predominance of Lactobacillus spp. and Escherichia Coli in Healthy vs Colibacillosis Diseased Broilers

Khalid

Bukahri

Ali

et al. 2023

Braz. J. Poult. Sci.

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This study aims to identify relative proportions of beneficial and pathogenic bacteria in the gut of broilers and risk factors that may be contributing to the development of colibacillosis disease in broiler farms of District Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan. For this, 10 healthy and 10 colibacillosis affected broiler farms were surveyed for ileum and blood sample collection along with data regarding farm management, antibiotic use and hygiene practices. Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli number was estimated using Miles and Misra method and colibacillosis was confirmed by Congo red dye assay. Lactobacillus and E. coli were identified biochemically. For risk factors analysis chi-square analysis was performed to find any significant association between the health status of the farm and risk factors. Results showed during disease and healthy conditions Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli counts differ significantly (p<0.05). E. coli counts (106-108 to 107-109) increased (p<0.05) about three folds and Lactobacillus counts decrease (106-108 to 105-107) about four folds in disease conditions. Risk factor analysis showed colibacillosis disease was significantly associated (p<0.05) with nonvaccinated flocks, natural ventilation systems, rodent presence and the lack of outfit disinfection or change by workers when moving between different houses. It is concluded that E. coli and Lactobacillus work antagonistically to each other. However, further research is necessary to determine the exact mechanisms by which E. coli and Lactobacillus influence the development of colibacillosis. While Lactobacillus as probiotic may help with prevention, good hygiene and management practices are still crucial in preventing the spread of disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study on the Predominance of Lactobacillus spp. and Escherichia Coli in Healthy vs Colibacillosis Diseased Broilers

Khalid

Bukahri

Ali

et al. 2023

Braz. J. Poult. Sci.

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“…On the European level, the effective implementation of different alternative measures in pig production, such as improvement of biosecurity, vaccination, improved feeding, and health care, has resulted in a significant reduction in AMU [ 61 ]. Adequate hygiene measures must be employed to alleviate underlying reasons of reoccurrence of avian pathogenic E. coli on poultry farms such as biofilm formation [ 62 , 63 ]. However, the implementation of alternatives in a hurdle system must be feasible for farmers, as they often require financial investments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-World Data on Antibiotic Group Treatment in European Livestock: Drivers, Conditions, and Alternatives

et al. 2022

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Major efforts have been made by veterinary professionals to reduce the need for antibiotic use in animals. An online survey launched by the Federation of Veterinarians of Europe (FVE) aimed to gather responses from practicing veterinarians with field experience in metaphylactic livestock group treatment. Only 17% of all veterinarians (n = 183/1087, all species-specific responses merged) applied metaphylactic group treatments to 75% or more of all their treatments. Significantly less metaphylactic group treatments were reported in mixed practices (p = 0.002) and practices specialized in cattle (p < 0.001) as well as small (p = 0.007) and very small practices (p = 0.009). Gram-negative bacteria, mostly composed of Enterobacteriaceae and Pasteurellaceae, were considered by 75.3% (n = 967/1385) as the most devastating bacterial pathogens. Respondents alleged morbidity (20.1%, n = 201/998) and mortality (42.2%, n = 421/998) as major consequences for animal health and welfare if metaphylaxis would be banned. Responding veterinarians pointed towards vaccinations; improved biosecurity, including hygiene measures; and improved herd health management as the three most effective alternative measures to prevent metaphylactic treatment. However, more research is needed on how to implement appropriate alternatives in a holistic hurdle approach. Active support on a national level will be necessary for the development and application of targeted veterinary treatment guidelines for practitioners, which promote the understanding of drivers and include initiation criteria for metaphylactic group treatments in livestock.

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“…For cases where empirical use of antimicrobials is unavoidable, the pet practitioners must have up-to-date information on local resistance profiles to narrow down the choice of antimicrobial(s) [ 14 ]. Alternatively, adopting novel technologies, such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), and automated instruments, such as the BD Phoenix Automated Microbiology System (BD Diagnostics, Billerica, MA, USA), Vitek 2 System (bioMérieux, Marcy-l-Etoile, France), can not only reduce the time required for estimation of AST but will also help to process large batches of samples, simultaneously [ 20 , 21 ]. However, the high cost of these equipment and expectation of the owner in terms of low-cost treatments seems to be a great hindrance on the way.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitude, Opinions, and Working Preferences Survey among Pet Practitioners Relating to Antimicrobials in India

et al. 2022

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The indiscriminate usage and overuse of antimicrobials in pets or companion animals are underlying causes of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Despite the multi-faceted global challenge presented by antimicrobial resistance, very few studies have appraised pet practitioners’ factors, such as written policy on antimicrobials, dose rate prescribed, use of critically important antimicrobials, and antimicrobial prescription in clean surgical procedures, which can contribute to AMR. In the present study, an online cross-sectional survey among randomly selected pet practitioners (n = 104) of various Indian provinces and union territories was conducted using a questionnaire comprising 33 closed-ended questions on different parameters, viz., the dosage regimen and level of compliance towards guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO), other relevant veterinary associations, and their opinion while prescribing antimicrobials. Almost every practitioner of the 104 respondents had revealed the difficulties with owner compliance; i.e., incomplete course of the antibiotics, inappropriate follow-ups, and improper care of the sick animals. The majority of practitioners (95%) reported self-prescription of antimicrobials by the owner before presenting the pet(s) to the veterinary clinic, whereas more than half of the respondents (64%) revealed unavailability of antibiogram facilities. Furthermore, a large number (76%) of practitioners stated empirical treatment based on their experience as the main criteria for antimicrobial choice in the absence of timely results from the laboratory. Although non-necessitated use of antimicrobials in clean surgical procedures has been claimed, surprisingly, the majority of pet practitioners (97%) reported their use to reduce the post-operative complications. The use of the highest priority, critically important antimicrobials (HPCIA) listed by the WHO for humans, particularly quinolones and third-generation cephalosporin, also has been reported for different infections. The treatment durations were nearly as per the recommended guidelines issued by the Danish Small Animal Veterinary Association (DSAVA) for different ailments. Analysis using chi-square tests exhibited a significant correlation between less experienced veterinarians (less than 5 years) and prescription of antimicrobials restricted for critically important infections in human medicine. However, there seems to be no association between the experience of the practitioner and the further studied parameters, namely, antimicrobial regimen prescription, weighing the animals before prescription, dose rate calculation, and antimicrobial selection and use after clean surgical operations. The findings suggest periodic awareness campaigns among practitioners regarding the implementation of the official guidelines, the need for systematic surveillance of AMR, awareness among pet owners about antimicrobial resistance, and the importance of rational use of antimicrobials on their pets.

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Characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of biofilm-producing Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli from broiler chickens and their environment in India

Cited by 12 publications

References 40 publications

Comparative Study on the Predominance of Lactobacillus spp. and Escherichia Coli in Healthy vs Colibacillosis Diseased Broilers

Comparative Study on the Predominance of Lactobacillus spp. and Escherichia Coli in Healthy vs Colibacillosis Diseased Broilers

Real-World Data on Antibiotic Group Treatment in European Livestock: Drivers, Conditions, and Alternatives

Attitude, Opinions, and Working Preferences Survey among Pet Practitioners Relating to Antimicrobials in India

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