Characterization and antimicrobial sensitivity of biofilm producing Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli from broiler chickens and their environment in India.

Abstract

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is responsible for colibacillosis in poultry. APEC remains a constant problem for the poultry industry, despite the use of antibiotics and disinfectants at farms. The endemicity of APEC in poultry farms is associated with its biofilm forming ability, which is further aggravated by various virulence factors harbored by this pathogen and resistant to multiple drugs which help bacteria to thrive under different environmental conditions. To characterize APEC from affected broiler chickens and their environments, samples (n=114) were collected and subjected to microbial isolation using MacConkey Lactose agar (MLA) and Eosin Methylene Blue agar (EMB), which led to the isolation of 62 E. coli isolates, confirmed using uspA gene amplification and Vitek 2 Compact system. These isolates were characterized using a set of five virulence genes (hlyF, ompT, iroN, iss, iutA) which yielded 47 (75.80%) isolates as APEC and the remaining as non-APEC. Furthermore, all the 62 isolates were subjected to microtiter plate assay for biofilm detection and the result showed that 36 (58.06%) isolates were able to form moderate to strong biofilms in Trypticase soy broth (TSB) at 72h of incubation. Of the 36-biofilm forming isolates, 30 were APEC. Biofilm related genes (crl, csgA, fimH, luxS, and papC) were also detected with higher prevalence among APEC isolates. Antimicrobial sensitivity test using Vitek2 system revealed 43 (91.48%) of 47 APEC isolates as multiple drug resistant (MDR) and 8 (17.02%) as ESBL positive. This study reveals that APEC with biofilm formation ability are present in poultry farms. Further studies are needed to understand the role of biofilms in the pathogenesis and antimicrobial resistance of APEC.