Characteristics of x-rays from a plasma focus operated with neon gas

Zakaullah, M.; Alamgir, Khalid; Shafiq, Muhammad; Hassan, Syed Imran; Sharif, Muhammad; Hussain, Shafqat; Waheed, A.

doi:10.1088/0963-0252/11/4/303

Cited by 57 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…During the last thirty years, substantial efforts and resources have been invested in the study of X-ray and neutrons emitted by plasma focus devices [1][2][3][4][5]. The studies range from small devices around hundreds of Joules, to large facilities about 1M J.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The studies range from small devices around hundreds of Joules, to large facilities about 1M J. Specifically in the 3kJ range [4,5] there are numerous results obtained by the AsianAfrican Association for Plasma Training Network (AA-APT). Plasma-focus neutronic emissions have been found ranging from 10 7 neutrons with 1kJ drivers, up to 10 12 neutrons with 1000 kJ .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Research on pinch plasma focus devices of hundred of kilojoules to tens of joules

Soto¹,

Silva²,

Moreno³

et al. 2004

Braz. J. Phys.

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At present the Plasma Physics and Plasma Technology Group of the Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear (CCHEN) has the experimental facilities in order to study fast dense transient discharges in a wide range of energy and current, namely: I) energy from hundred of kilojoules to tens of joules, II) current from megaamperes to tens of kiloamperes. Also several diagnostics have been implemented. An overview of the work being carried out on dense pinch plasma focus discharges at the Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear is presented. The plasma energy density and scaling laws for the neutron yield are discussed. Possible applications of the radiation emitted are also discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on pinch plasma focus devices of hundred of kilojoules to tens of joules

Soto¹,

Silva²,

Moreno³

et al. 2004

Braz. J. Phys.

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show abstract

“…The magnetic field pushes the CS with a Lorentz force (F z =J r ×B θ ) to reach a high axial velocity on the order of 10 7 cm/s [4]. PF devices have been constructed in a variety of sizes in correlation with the energy stored in the pulsed electrical generator, ranging from kilojoules [5][6] to megajoules [5]. The external inductance (L e ) and resistance (R e ) of the PF capacitor bank are considered important parameters in determining the behaviour of the current waveform supplied to the machine [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Current Sheath Dynamics and Energy Dissipation in a Low-Energy Plasma Focus Device

Lashin

Allam

Ahmed

et al. 2019

Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications

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The present study reports the measurements of plasma current sheath (PCS) dynamics, the energy dissipation processes, and the plasma focus (PF) electrical characteristics, particularly during the axial phase discharge in a Mather-type PF device (EAEA-PF1) energized with a 30 µF capacitor bank charged with 8, 10 and 12 kV. All these investigations carried out under discharge conditions where the optimal PF action is achieved. At each charging voltage (V ch), 8 kV, 10 kV and 12 kV, the optimal PF action is studied at different argon gas pressures (P) ranging from 0.4 to 1.2 Torr. The results show that the best PF is formed at V ch = 8 kV and P = 0.6 Torr, V ch = 10 kV and P = 0.8 Torr, and V ch = 12 kV and P = 0.8 Torr. The implosion velocity (V z) results of PCS show that the maximum value of V z (4.48 cm/µs) occurs at the end of the axial phase (i.e., at the coaxial electrode muzzle), which is detected at V ch = 12 kV and P = 0.8 Torr. Moreover, a less inefficient snowplow action is observed under these discharge conditions. The energy dissipation process data indicate that at V ch = 12 kV and P = 0.8 Torr, the ratio between the total energy dissipation and the input energy has a maximum value of 90%, and the minimum residual energy left on the condenser bank (175.39 J) is also achieved under these discharge conditions.

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“…There are a number of ways through which SXR emission from FMPF can be enhanced such as optimization of bank energy, 9 discharge current, electrode configuration (shape and material), 10,11 insulator material and dimensions, 10 gas composition and filling gas pressure. 12 Some numerical studies have been conducted in the past to investigate the operation of plasma focus devices without cathode rods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of neon soft X-ray emission from 200 J plasma focus device for application in soft X-ray lithography

Kalaiselvi¹,

Tan²,

Talebitaher³

et al. 2014

Int. J. Mod. Phys. Conf. Ser.

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The Fast Miniature Plasma Focus (FMPF) device is basically made up of coaxial electrodes with centrally placed anode and six cathode rods surrounding them concentrically. They are enclosed in a vacuum chamber, filled with low pressure operating gas. However, in our experiments, these cathode rods were removed to investigate the influence of them on neon soft X-ray (SXR) and hard X-ray (HXR) emission from the device. On removal of cathode rods, the cathode base plate serves as cathode and the plasma sheath is formed between the anode and the base plate of cathode. Neon was used as the operating gas for our experiments and the FMPF device used is of 235 J energy capacities. The experimental results showed that the FMPF device was able to focus better and the SXR emission efficiency was five times higher without cathode rods than with cathode rods. On the contrary, HXR emission did not vary with and without cathode rods. This observed phenomenon was further cross-checked through imaging of plasma dynamics, with and without cathode rods. FMPF device consists of 4 Pseudo Spark Gap (PSG) switches, which need to operate synchronously to deliver high voltage from capacitors to the anode. It was also seen that, the presence or absence of cathode rods also influence the synchronous operation of PSG switches. It also implies that this is one definite way to optimize the SXR emission from the FMPF device. This study reveals an important finding that, cathode rods play a vital role in the formation of plasma sheath with consequential influence on the radiation emission from plasma focus devices. Enhancement of the X-ray emission from this device is definitely a stepping stone in the realization of this device for industrial applications such as X-ray lithography for semiconductor industries.

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Characteristics of x-rays from a plasma focus operated with neon gas

Cited by 57 publications

References 14 publications

Research on pinch plasma focus devices of hundred of kilojoules to tens of joules

Research on pinch plasma focus devices of hundred of kilojoules to tens of joules

Plasma Current Sheath Dynamics and Energy Dissipation in a Low-Energy Plasma Focus Device

Optimization of neon soft X-ray emission from 200 J plasma focus device for application in soft X-ray lithography

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