Characteristics of vegetation as determinant of Timor Friarbird (Philemon inornatus) distribution in Bipolo Lanscape of West Timor Island, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Paga B, Pudyatmoko S, Faida LRW, Yuda IP, Sulaksono N. 2021. Characteristics of vegetation as determinant of Timor Friarbird (Philemon inornatus) distribution in Bipolo Landscape of West Timor Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2617-2635. This study aims to identify vegetation factors as determinants of the distribution of Timor Friarbird (Philemon inornatus) in Timor Island. Timor Friarbird is one of the seven endemics bird species widely distributed in Timor Island, from the eastern region of Timor Leste to western region of Indonesia. This research was conducted at Bipolo Landscape, located in Timor Island, and has diversity of tropical flora diversity surrounding its Natural Tourism Park, which provides Timor Friarbird habitat. The characteristics of vegetation ecology were obtained by sampling design through Biogeography Branch's Sampling Design Tool for ArcGIS, while land use cover type was obtained by maximum likelihood method. The structure and composition of vegetation were observed through nested plot sampling, while Timor Friarbird species were assessed using the combination of point count and line transect method. The result obtained was formulated by discriminant linear regression. The vegetation parameters influencing the presence of Timor Friarbird were tree land use cover, number of trees and their species, pole land use cover, number of poles and their species, sapling land use cover, number of saplings and their species. Timor Friarbird is more likely to be present in the land cover area of poles with a minimum number of individual trees, poles, and saplings (press value Q = 6,63 ? 7). The results of discriminant analysis obtained a new group (nine variables), used collectively as a determinant factor for the presence of Timor Friarbird in their natural habitat on Timor Island

The habitat suitability of Timor friarbird (Philemon inornatus) in Western Timor Island, Indonesia

“…Other tree species are Cassia siamea and Tectona grandis which are commonly found at the edges of PDLF and SDLF. The Timor friarbird requires a minimum of seven trees with pole and sapling-level vegetation as a food source and cover as a habitat (Paga et al 2021).…”

“…Timor Island landscape was dominated by dry season forest and non-forest (Lesmana et al 2000). The dry season forest harbors a high endemicity level of flora and fauna (Lesmana et al 2000;Paga et al 2021). However, the biogeography of dry season forests is only partially understood (Prieto-torres et al 2018).…”

“…However, the biogeography of dry season forests is only partially understood (Prieto-torres et al 2018). Overall, there are 35 bird species on the island (Stattersfield et al 1998), and seven endemic species, including Timor friarbird (Philemon inornatus) (Coates and Bishop 2000;Paga et al 2021).…”

“…It was first recognized in 1944 (Mayr 1944). According to the traditional life of the Timorese, this species has become an identity in their daily activities (Paga et al 2021). The bird has a body size of 24 cm and is classified as a chirping bird (Coates and Bishop 2000).…”

Diversity, structure and composition of vegetation in post-coal mining reclamation area in Sumatra, Indonesia

“…This condition may also attract various animal species living on the ground and on trees to inhabit (Kuswandana 2010). Research conducted by Paga et al (2021) found that the secondary forest ecosystem in Timor Island which is dominated by the pole strata is inhabited more by the Timor bird (Philemon inornatus). The natural ecological process in ex-mining areas will go through succession with pioneer species over six years, (Mukhtar and Heriyanto 2012).…”