Characteristics of the sympathetic preganglionic neuron and its synaptic input

Laskey, W.; Polosa, C.

doi:10.1016/0301-0082(88)90022-6

Cited by 56 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 311 publications

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“…NTS is an important site in not only mediating the vagovagal reflex but also innervating the region of the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) (30,42). Neurons in the VLM are generally regarded as premotor sympathoexcitatory neurons that send efferents via the intermediolateral nucleus of the spinal cord to the celiac ganglia, which send sympathetic postsynaptic fibers to the stomach (17,42,46). In the present study, we observed an increase of c-fos mRNA expression in the VLM after icv injection of UCN.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Urocortin 1 reduces food intake and ghrelin secretion via CRF₂ receptors

Yakabi

Noguchi

Ohno

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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it is known that urocortin 1 (UCN) acts on both corticotropinreleasing factor receptors (CRF 1 and CRF2), the mechanisms underlying UCN-induced anorexia remain unclear. In contrast, ghrelin, the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, stimulates food intake. In the present study, we examined the effects of CRF 1 and CRF2 receptor antagonists (CRF1a and CRF2a) on ghrelin secretion and synthesis, c-fos mRNA expression in the caudal brain stem, and food intake following intracerebroventricular administration of UCN. Eight-week-old, male Sprague-Dawley rats were used after 24-h food deprivation. Acylated and des-acylated ghrelin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mRNA expressions of preproghrelin and c-fos were measured by real-time RT-PCR. The present study provided the following important insights into the mechanisms underlying the anorectic effects of UCN: 1) UCN increased acylated and des-acylated ghrelin levels in the gastric body and decreased their levels in the plasma; 2) UCN decreased preproghrelin mRNA levels in the gastric body; 3) UCN-induced reduction of plasma ghrelin and food intake were restored by CRF 2a but not CRF1a; 4) UCN-induced increase of c-fos mRNA levels in the caudal brain stem containing the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) was inhibited by CRF 2a; and 5) UCN-induced reduction of food intake was restored by exogenous ghrelin and rikkunshito, an endogenous ghrelin secretion regulator. Thus, UCN increases neuronal activation in the caudal brain stem containing NTS via CRF 2 receptors, which may be related to UCN-induced inhibition of both ghrelin secretion and food intake.corticotropin-releasing factor receptors; dorsal vagal complex; rikkunshito; digestive system hormone; anorexia STRESSFUL LIFE EVENTS have been associated with the onset or symptom exacerbation of several functional gastrointestinal disorders including functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome (24). Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a key mediator in the central nervous system and is secreted as an adaptive response to stress. In rodents, central CRF administration induces stress-like behaviors, including increased depression, decreased rearing activity, and suppression of food intake (5, 50). Urocortin 1 (UCN), a member of the mammalian CRF family, bears 45% sequence identity to CRF and acts as an endogenous ligand for CRF receptors (49). Although CRF and UCN mediate their actions through the activation of CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors, CRF and UCN display different binding affinities for these receptors. CRF preferentially binds to CRF 1 receptors, whereas UCN shows high affinity for both receptors; we therefore believe that UCN is useful for examining the actions of both CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors. Central UCN administration suppresses feeding in rats and mice, and the suppression was shown to be at least partly CRF 2 mediated in studies that used selective antagonists (7) or antisense oligonucleotides (38). In addition, the initial effect of food intake in...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Urocortin 1 reduces food intake and ghrelin secretion via CRF₂ receptors

Yakabi

Noguchi

Ohno

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…The NTS neurons also project to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) of the brain stem (Agarwal & Calaresu, 1991;Kantzides, Owens, De Matteo, & Badoer, 2005;Suzuki, Takayama, & Miura, 1997). The RVLM neurons provide drive to the sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the intermediolateral nucleus of the spinal cord (Laskey & Polosa, 1988). Thus, once NTS neurons are stimulated by acupuncture, autonomic nerve function is altered via the activation of the DMV and/or RVLM ( Fig.…”

Section: Spinal-supraspinal Pathways For Somatosensory Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect and Mechanism of Acupuncture on Gastrointestinal Diseases

Takahashi

2013

International Review of Neurobiology

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“…In mammals sympathetic preganglionic neurones (SPNs) are mainly located in the intermediolateral cell column (IML) of thoracic and lumbar spinal cord, where they receive inputs from many regions of the CNS (Laskey & Polosa, 1988), e.g. the raphe nuclei (Henry & Calaresu, 1974;Bacon, Zagon & Smith, 1990), the catecholaminergic A5 cell group (Loewy, McKellar & Saper, 1979) or the parvocellular paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (Saper, Loewy, Swanson & Cowan, 1976;Swanson, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synaptic‐ and agonist‐induced chloride currents in neonatal rat sympathetic preganglionic neurones in vitro.

Krupp

Feltz

1993

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. By using the whole-cell recording configuration of the patch-clamp technique in a spinal cord slice preparation, we have made recordings from visually identified neurones in the lateral horn of the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord of neonatal rats (newborn to 14 days postnatal).2. Some of the recorded neurones were labelled with the fluorescent dye Lucifer Yellow (n = 27). Their morphology was typical for sympathetic preganglionic neurones (SPNs). Based on the size of the cell soma and the electrophysiological properties, unlabelled neurones were also regarded as SPNs.3. Spontaneous synaptic activity of different patterns could be observed in 73 % of the recorded neurones (n = 106). It reversed at the chloride equilibrium potential (EC1) and could be reversibly blocked by strychnine (1-10 ,UM), but not by bicuculline (1O/tM) or SR95531 (5-10 sM).4. Synaptic activity could be elicited by focal electrical stimulation in the vicinity of the recorded neurone. These evokld synaptic events exhibited features similar to the spontaneous synaptic activity.5. Application of glycine (100 /,M-1 mM) by a fast microperfusion system induced a chloride current in twenty-seven out of thirty cells tested. The currents were reversibly blocked by strychnine (1-10 /M), but were only weakly sensitive to bicuculline (10 ,UM). Stability of current responses to glycine was increased by inclusion of ATP (4 mM) in the intracellular medium.6. Application of y-aminobutyric acid (GABA; 100 gM-1 mM) by the fast microperfusion system induced a chloride current in all twenty neurones tested.These currents were reversibly blocked by bicuculline (10 /tM).

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Characteristics of the sympathetic preganglionic neuron and its synaptic input

Cited by 56 publications

References 311 publications

Urocortin 1 reduces food intake and ghrelin secretion via CRF₂ receptors

Urocortin 1 reduces food intake and ghrelin secretion via CRF₂ receptors

Effect and Mechanism of Acupuncture on Gastrointestinal Diseases

Synaptic‐ and agonist‐induced chloride currents in neonatal rat sympathetic preganglionic neurones in vitro.

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Characteristics of the sympathetic preganglionic neuron and its synaptic input

Cited by 56 publications

References 311 publications

Urocortin 1 reduces food intake and ghrelin secretion via CRF2 receptors

Urocortin 1 reduces food intake and ghrelin secretion via CRF2 receptors

Effect and Mechanism of Acupuncture on Gastrointestinal Diseases

Synaptic‐ and agonist‐induced chloride currents in neonatal rat sympathetic preganglionic neurones in vitro.

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Product

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Urocortin 1 reduces food intake and ghrelin secretion via CRF₂ receptors

Urocortin 1 reduces food intake and ghrelin secretion via CRF₂ receptors