Characteristics of the hardening of steel by thermomechanical treatment

Bernshtein, M. L.; Zaimovskii, V. A.; Капуткина, Л. М.

doi:10.1007/bf00655024

Cited by 30 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…In [2] it is shown that MSBs in the fcc single crystals arise at the stage of developed plastic deformation with the participation of two slip systems. Similarly, as noted in [3], at the intersection of two slip systems the formation of strain-induced martensite begins. It is natural to assume, that in both mentioned cases there are analogous physical carriers of macroshear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Formation of α-Martensite Crystals with Habits (hhl) in Cryston Model

et al. 1997

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Abstract. The mechanisms of formation of martensite with habit planes of the {hhhtype are discussed for Fe-based alloys which undergo a y-a (fcc-bcc) martensitic transformation. The relaxation of the lattice is interpreted in the framework of the "cryston" model. A "cryston" is the combination of dislocations of one or two slip systems which play the role of quasiparticles among the dislocation association on the mesoscale level. A number of cryston models of simple shear are presented. A possibility of the limiting transition to the cryston wave model is noted. Using the lath marten!iite as an example, it has been shown that using the cryston model allows to interpret morphological features of separated martensite crystals such as non-equivalence of parallel faces of lath crystals, deflection of orientation relationships from the ideal ones, the high residual density of dislocations. It is emphasized that the choice of prismatic dislocation loops as probable centers of martensite nucleation is a promising idea.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Formation of α-Martensite Crystals with Habits (hhl) in Cryston Model

et al. 1997

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“…For the sake of comparison, one should mind that upper, or high temperature, bainite consists of relatively coarse fer rite laths that alternate with interlayers of iron carbide. The lath component of the lower bainite resembles the laths of packet martensite formed upon quenching austenite to lower temperatures, at which the carbon diffusion also is nearly suppressed (in more detail, the problem of bainitic and martensitic transformations is described, e.g., in [1][2][3][4]). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1) The lath components of bainite are formed in the austenite regions preliminarily depleted of carbon (see, e.g., [1][2][3]). Then, the chemical composition of the steel in these regions corresponds to a higher tem perature of the onset of the martensitic transformation M s (с b ) as compared to the temperature M s (с а ) of the initial austenite with a uniform distribution of carbon over the volume of the sample as follows: с b < с m = с а , where с b , с m , and с а are the carbon concentrations in the laths of bainite and martensite and in the initial austenite, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is noted in [1][2][3] and [4] that, regardless of the sequence in which the redistribution of carbon occurs, a substantial decrease takes place in the rate of growth of bainitic ferrite as compared to the growth rate of martensite. Two variants for the explanation of the decrease in the growth rate of bainitic ferrite appear to be possible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of the effective growth rate of a plate of bainitic ferrite in dynamic theory

Кащенко

Чащина

2013

Phys. Metals Metallogr.

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Abstract-The growth of a bainite plate is considered to be a relay type process, in which fast (with τ g ~ 10 -10 s) acts of the formation of sublaths (with a width 3d ~ 1 μm, where d is the thickness of the sublath) occur in an ultrasonic regime and the successive acts are separated by pauses of length τ p ~ 10 -2 s. The value τ p corre sponds to the time of diffusion on a scale d with allowance for the pipe diffusion. The effective growth rate of the plate of bainite ferrite v eff is estimated by the relationship 3d/τ p .

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“…(The terms "thermomechanical treatment" (TMT) and "mechanothermal treatment" (MTT), often used in technical publications, should be considered obsolete. A more functional understanding, combining both versions is considered to be TDT [6], for which the existence and duration of time interval between deformation and heat treatment (or in reverse order) is not an obligatory condition. )…”

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confidence: 99%

Improved production procedure for manufacturing chromium bronze bars

et al. 2013

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A thermal deformation treatment (TDT) method is developed and implemented during production of industrial batches of chromium bronze bars, according to which aging is performed after intermediate billetWithin the group of chromium bronzes there are binary copper-chromium or complex chromium-containing lowalloy copper materials [1]. Strengthening is achieved by quenching and subsequent aging, as a result of which chromium or chromium-containing chemical compounds are precipitated [2]. The bulk of chromium-containing alloys in the overall output of low-alloy copper materials is of the order of 60%; copper-chromium and ternary copper-chromium-zirconium systems are used most extensively, whose production reaches 80% of the total volume of chromium bronze output. Alloys based on these two systems, and also other complexly-alloyed chromium-containing alloys, exhibit a unique combination of properties, and this makes it possible to use the alloys in heat exchange units (molds and other installations), electric resistance welding machines (electrodes, armatures), in electrical engineering, electronics, instrument building, and other branches. Chromium bronzes are dispersion-hardened alloys, and therefore the unique properties achieved by optimizing physicochemical properties promoting their productive use are only achieved by heat treatment, which is effectively thermal deformation treatment (TDT). (The terms "thermomechanical treatment" (TMT) and "mechanothermal treatment" (MTT), often used in technical publications, should be considered obsolete. A more functional understanding, combining both versions is considered to be TDT [6], for which the existence and duration of time interval between deformation and heat treatment (or in reverse order) is not an obligatory condition.)Heat treatment (as applied to the group of thermally strengthening alloys is often called "improvement"), as a rule, includes quenching, fixing a supersaturated solution of alloying element in a base, and aging, during which there is decomposition and precipitation of fine particles of the strengthening phase. Only after quenching and subsequent aging is use of chromium bronze more effective, since in other conditions its properties are markedly lower [3,4].However, the level of strength properties obtained for semi-finished products, subjected to aging without prior deformation, under conditions of severe operating regimes, is clearly inadequate [3,4], and in order to satisfy the increasing demands TDT is used, in which between quenching and aging there is cold plastic deformation, having a strong effect on

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Characteristics of the hardening of steel by thermomechanical treatment

Cited by 30 publications

References 1 publication

Formation of α-Martensite Crystals with Habits (hhl) in Cryston Model

Formation of α-Martensite Crystals with Habits (hhl) in Cryston Model

Estimation of the effective growth rate of a plate of bainitic ferrite in dynamic theory

Improved production procedure for manufacturing chromium bronze bars

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