Characteristics of the audiometric 4,000 Hz notch (744,553 veterans) and the 3,000, 4,000, and 6,000 Hz notches (539,932 veterans)

Wilson, Richard H.; McArdle, Rachel

doi:10.1682/jrrd.2011.11.0225

Cited by 37 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Thresholds averaged across 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz in the right ear ranged from −8.50 to 13.75 dB HL for the younger group (average 0.64 dB HL) and from −5.00 to 53.50 dB HL for the older group (average 15.16 dB HL). These figures are broadly consistent with, though perhaps slightly better than average population data for the respective two groups (Lee et al 2005;Wilson & McArdle 2013). None of the participants wore hearing aids.…”

Section: Participantssupporting

confidence: 83%

Effects of Cognitive Load on Pure-Tone Audiometry Thresholds in Younger and Older Adults

2019

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Objectives: Cognitive load (CL) impairs listeners' ability to comprehend sentences, recognize words, and identify speech sounds. Recent findings suggest that this effect originates in a disruption of low-level perception of acoustic details. Here, we attempted to quantify such a disruption by measuring the effect of CL (a two-back task) on pure-tone audiometry (PTA) thresholds. We also asked whether the effect of CL on PTA was greater in older adults, on account of their reduced ability to divide cognitive resources between simultaneous tasks. To specify the mechanisms and representations underlying the interface between auditory and cognitive processes, we contrasted CL requiring visual encoding with CL requiring auditory encoding. Finally, the link between the cost of performing PTA under CL, working memory, and speech-in-noise (SiN) perception was investigated and compared between younger and older participants. Design: Younger and older adults (44 in each group) did a PTA test at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz pure tones under CL and no CL. CL consisted of a visual two-back task running throughout the PTA test. The twoback task involved either visual encoding of the stimuli (meaningless images) or subvocal auditory encoding (a rhyme task on written nonwords). Participants also underwent a battery of SiN tests and a working memory test (letter number sequencing). Results: Younger adults showed elevated PTA thresholds under CL, but only when CL involved subvocal auditory encoding. CL had no effect when it involved purely visual encoding. In contrast, older adults showed elevated thresholds under both types of CL. When present, the PTA CL cost was broadly comparable in younger and older adults (approximately 2 dB HL). The magnitude of PTA CL cost did not correlate significantly with SiN perception or working memory in either age group. In contrast, PTA alone showed strong links to both SiN and letter number sequencing in older adults. Conclusions: The results show that CL can exert its effect at the level of hearing sensitivity. However, in younger adults, this effect is only found when CL involves auditory mental representations. When CL involves visual representations, it has virtually no impact on hearing thresholds. In older adults, interference is found in both conditions. The results suggest that hearing progresses from engaging primarily modality-specific cognition in early adulthood to engaging cognition in a more undifferentiated way in older age. Moreover, hearing thresholds measured under CL did not predict SiN perception more accurately than standard PTA thresholds.

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Section: Participantssupporting

confidence: 83%

Effects of Cognitive Load on Pure-Tone Audiometry Thresholds in Younger and Older Adults

2019

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“…Considering the frequency region around 4 kHz is known to be particularly vulnerable to noise exposure in humans (Wilson & McArdle 2013), one might expect noise-induced ABR wave I amplitude reduction to be restricted to that region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auditory Brainstem Response Altered in Humans With Noise Exposure Despite Normal Outer Hair Cell Function

et al. 2017

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Objectives Recent animal studies demonstrated that cochlear synaptopathy, a partial loss of inner hair cell-auditory nerve fiber synapses, can occur in response to noise exposure without any permanent auditory threshold shift. In animal models, this synaptopathy is associated with a reduction in the amplitude of wave I of the auditory brainstem response (ABR). The goal of this study was to determine whether higher lifetime noise exposure histories in young people with clinically normal pure-tone thresholds are associated with lower ABR wave I amplitudes. Design Twenty-nine young military Veterans and 35 non Veterans (19 to 35 years of age) with normal pure-tone thresholds were assigned to 1 of 4 groups based on their self-reported lifetime noise exposure history and Veteran status. Suprathreshold ABR measurements in response to alternating polarity tone bursts were obtained at 1, 3, 4, and 6 kHz with gold foil tiptrode electrodes placed in the ear canal. Wave I amplitude was calculated from the difference in voltage at the positive peak and the voltage at the following negative trough. Distortion product otoacoustic emission input/output functions were collected in each participant at the same four frequencies to assess outer hair cell function. Results After controlling for individual differences in sex and distortion product otoacoustic emission amplitude, the groups containing participants with higher reported histories of noise exposure had smaller ABR wave I amplitudes at suprathreshold levels across all four frequencies compared with the groups with less history of noise exposure. Conclusions Suprathreshold ABR wave I amplitudes were reduced in Veterans reporting high levels of military noise exposure and in non Veterans reporting any history of firearm use as compared with Veterans and non Veterans with lower levels of reported noise exposure history. The reduction in ABR wave I amplitude in the groups with higher levels of noise exposure cannot be accounted for by sex or variability in outer hair cell function. This change is similar to the decreased ABR wave I amplitudes observed in animal models of noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy. However, without post mortem examination of the temporal bone, no direct conclusions can be drawn concerning the presence of synaptopathy in the study groups with higher noise exposure histories.

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“…Older listeners often require a much higher intensity level to detect a high-pitched sound than do younger listeners. Indeed, for frequencies of 2 kHz and higher, it is not uncommon for listeners over 60 years of age to need the sound level to be 30-40 dB higher compared to young listeners to detect the same tone (Pearson et al, 1995;Wilson & McArdle, 2013). Hearing loss is considered to be clinically relevant when the required additional intensity to detect a tone exceeds 20 dB compared to that needed by a normal-hearing young listener.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heinrich¹,

Gagné

Viljanen

et al. 2016

SIIW

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Successful communication is vital to active aging and well-being, yet virtually all older adults find it challenging to communicate effectively in noisy environments. The resulting discomfort and frustration can prompt withdrawal or avoidance of social situations, which, in turn, can severely limit the range of activities available to older adults and lead to a less active and satisfying lifestyle, and, in some cases, depression. Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health's (ICF) multifactorial model (WHO, 2001), we review the wider aspects of functioning and disability as they relate to hearing difficulties and communication, placing a particular emphasis on the work we, an international and interdisciplinary group of researchers, have done in the context of the ERA-NET funded interdisciplinary HEARATTN project. The ICF model is particularly fitting because it allows us to consider how physiological changes in hearing and cognition affect listening in various situations, what the consequences of these changes are for communicative abilities and social participation, and how this in turn affects life-space mobility, self-reported well-being, and, ultimately, quality of life. We will discuss how environmental conditions (both physical and social) and personal factors can affect how well older adults can communicate in the situations characteristic of everyday life. In the concluding section we discuss some behaviours, techniques and strategies that can be adopted to maintain or improve effective communication under difficult listening conditions.

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Characteristics of the audiometric 4,000 Hz notch (744,553 veterans) and the 3,000, 4,000, and 6,000 Hz notches (539,932 veterans)

Cited by 37 publications

References 52 publications

Effects of Cognitive Load on Pure-Tone Audiometry Thresholds in Younger and Older Adults

Effects of Cognitive Load on Pure-Tone Audiometry Thresholds in Younger and Older Adults

Auditory Brainstem Response Altered in Humans With Noise Exposure Despite Normal Outer Hair Cell Function

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