Characteristics of the Angled Printed Dipole Array Antenna with Different Numbers of Dipole Elements

Abstract

This paper investigated the characteristics of series-fed angled dipole antennas as the number of dipoles increased from one to two, four, and eight. A parallel strip line printed on both sides of the substrate was used to connect angled printed dipoles of the same size in a series with equal spacing. As expected, although the gain increased as the number of dipoles increased, the impedance and gain bandwidths decreased. In addition, as the number of dipoles increased, the half-power beamwidth (HPBW) differences between the xz- and yzplanes decreased and the radiation pattern of the xz-plane became more symmetric. Antennas with one, two, four, and eight-dipole elements in a series were designed, and their peak gains were 5.0 dBi, 7.2 dBi, 9.4 dBi, and 10.4 dBi, respectively. The differences between the xz- and yz-plane HPBWs of the four antennas were 160.4°, 41.7°, 14.2°, and 5.3°, respectively. As the number of dipoles in the antenna increased, the differences between the HPBWs in the xz- and yz-planes decreased.

Compact 28 GHz Folded Butler Matrix Using Low-Temperature Co-fired Ceramics

“…The gain of a single antenna is about 4.7 dBi at 28 GHz. Considering the frequency and antenna size, this is an appropriate gain value compared to other works [4,5]. Fig.…”

Characteristic Impedance Adjustment of Thin-Metal Mesh Transmission Lines for mmWave Display-Integrated Antennas

“…and a recursive calculation from i = 0 leads to Zin (5) , which is the input impedance at Port 1 with six unknowns of Z0 (0) , Z0 (1) ,…”

“…(2) , 0, 1, and 2 due to the geometric symmetry. Thus, it is assumed that the properties of GCPWs and impedance transformers, i.e., Z0 (0) , Z0 (1) , 0, and 1, are ideal, and Z0 calculated by equating Z0 (5) to Zin mea , as listed in Table I Figs. 12(a) and 12(b) present variations of both simulated and measured characteristic impedances that are adjusted by Methods 1 and 2, respectively.…”

“…Antennas with broader bandwidths are desirable for mobile phones to enable higher data rates in the fifth-generation (5G) millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications [1] [5]. Since higher-band spectrums exhibit substantial space losses due to their extremely short wavelengths, mobile phones with 5G connectivity are often accompanied with a number of antenna elements to increase the directivity toward base stations [6] [8].…”

Design of a Printed 5G Monopole Antenna on Vehicle Window Glass Using Parasitic Elements and a Lattice-Structure Reflector for Gain Enhancement

“…In particular, for vehicle applications, it is significantly important to employ high-gain 5G antennas to maintain a stable 5G communications link while driving. Many studies have investigated the use of conventional antenna structures, i.e., patch antennas [12], dipole antennas [13,14], and dielectric resonator antennas [15] in 5G vehicle antenna designs. In some cases, research has attempted to apply such conventional antennas to actual vehicles using additional structures; for example, the vehicle roof is re-designed and modified to construct a cavity structure for mounting a 5G inverted-F monopole antenna [16].…”