Characteristics of Subcritical Water Extraction and Kinetics of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids from Dry Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) Leaves

Abstract

In this study, pentacyclic triterpenoids (PTTs) were extracted from loquat leaves by subcritical water extraction (SWE) technique in a dynamic mode. The results revealed that PTTs yield increased up to 5.38±0.12 mg/g with the increasing temperature at 180 °C for corosolic acid (CA) and up to 7.20±0.11 mg/g at 200 °C for ursolic acid (UA) within experimental times. The optimum flow rates to obtain concentrated CA and UA extracts were found to be 33.33 and 41.67 mL/min, respectively. Furthermore, extraction temperatures strongly influenced the extraction rate as demonstrated by the rate constant of each temperature tested. Moreover, the kinetic rate constant decreased as the function of temperature indicating the yield of both CA and UA were significantly influenced by subcritical temperatures and extraction times.

Green Techniques for Extracting Triterpenoids from Cannabis Roots

“…SWE methods failed to isolate any interesting bioactive compounds from the CR sample, especially triterpenoids. This result contrasted with previous reports that demonstrated the effectiveness of SWE in extracting corosolic acid (CA) and ursolic acid from loquat leaves, 18,29 and triterpenoid saponins (specifically camelliagenin and camellia saponin) from Orostachys japonica (rock pine). 20 The effectiveness of SWE has been also demonstrated in another study reporting high quantities of asiaticoside and asiatic acid obtained from Centella asiatica (23).…”

Techniques for the analysis of pentacyclic triterpenoids in medicinal plants

“…Apart from chromatographic methods, extraction methods should be performed and optimized along with the corresponding analytical techniques, extraction temperature, time, and cycles, solvents used, solvent‐to‐material ratio, presoaking time of the sources, and properties of the compound itself. Some of the methods that can be used to extract triterpenes, include Soxhlet extraction, heat reflux extraction, maceration extraction, stirring extraction, UAE, MAE, SFE, and pressurized fluid extraction (PFE) . Among these methods, Soxhlet extraction, heat reflux extraction, maceration extraction, and stirring extraction are relatively simple and have a low cost.…”

“…Some of the methods that can be used to extract triterpenes, include Soxhlet extraction, heat reflux extraction, maceration extraction, stirring extraction, UAE, MAE, SFE, and pressurized fluid extraction (PFE) [25, [65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73]. Among these methods, Soxhlet extraction, heat reflux extraction, maceration extraction, and stirring extraction are relatively simple and have a low cost.…”

Assessing ursolic acid contents of some commonly consumed herbs grown in Turkey

“…The UA extraction technique is a determinant factor that affect the UA extraction yield. Several methods including maceration, heat reflux extraction, soxhlet, accelerated solvent extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, subcritical water and ultrasound-assisted extraction have been tested for the extraction of pentacyclic triterpenoids (Mlyuka et al, 2016;Bernatoniene et al, 2016). These authors stated that ultrasound-assisted extraction is more efficient method, easy to use, and more economical.…”