Characteristics of patients complaining of halitosis and factors associated with halitosis

Lu, Hai‐Xia; Tang, Chang-guang; Chen, X; Wong, May Chun Mei; Ye, W

doi:10.1111/odi.12198

Cited by 34 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Un estudio demostró que la mitad de los pacientes con halitosis tienen temor de acercarse a otras personas (41). También se ha demostrado que la halitosis puede desencadenar altos niveles de ansiedad (20,22,42,43).…”

Section: Implicaciones Sociales Y Psicológicas De La Halitosisunclassified

Halitosis: Un asunto del odontólogo

Duque¹,

Tejada²

2016

CES odontol.

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La halitosis ha sido definida como un olor ofensivo y fétido en el aliento producido por factores como: mala higiene oral, infecciones dentales u orales y/o la ingestión de ciertos alimentos. El objetivo de esta revisión es evaluar el estado actual del diagnóstico, clasificación y tratamiento de la halitosis, y brindar estrategias y herramientas correctas para abordar una problemática que es tan común en la consulta odontológica. La prevalencia de la halitosis es alta y varía dependiendo de la población estudiada y el método de diagnostico usado (escalas subjetivas, mediciones organolépticas, halimeter, cromatografía de gas, test BANA ). Existen 3 tipos de halitosis: La halitosis genuina (fisiológica y patológica), la pseudohalitosis y la halitofobia. La etiología es multifactorial y existe un acuerdo en que principalmente ocurre por el metabolismo de las bacterias. La producción de compuestos volátiles y no volátiles es común en los humanos y está influenciada por factores genéticos, dieta, estrés, enfermedades y/o desordenes presentes en los individuos. Los dos tratamientos más utilizados y tradicionales para el control de la halitosis son el control mecánico de la lengua saburral y el uso de agentes antimicrobianos. La halitosis afecta una gran parte de la población, puede crear desventajas sociales y sicológicas, y aunque es de origen multifactorial su principal causa se encuentra en la cavidad oral, principalmente por factores como la placa bacteriana, gingivitis y periodontitis. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar las herramientas actuales para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la halitosis.Palabras clave: Halitosis, Enfermedades periodontales, Biopelícula, Pruebas de halitosis. AbstractHalitosis has been defined as an offensive and fetid breath odor caused by factors such as poor oral hygiene, dental or mouth infections and / or ingestion of certain foods. The aim of this review is to assess the current state of diagnosis, classification and treatment of halitosis, providing the right strategies and tools to address a problem that is so common in dental practice. Halitosis prevalence is high and varies depending on the population studied and the diagnostic method used (subjective scales, organoleptic measurements, halymeter, gas chromatography, BANA test). There are 3 types of halitosis: Genuine halitosis (physiological and pathological), the pseudohalitosis and halitophobia. The etiology is multifactorial and there is an agreement about the cause primarily by bacterial metabolism. The production of volatile and nonvolatile compounds in humans is common Comparte Duque A, Tejada C. Enero -Junio 2016 -Pág 71ODONTOLOGÍA and is influenced by genetic factors, diet, stress, diseases and / or disorders present in individuals. The two most used and traditional treatments to control halitosis are the mechanical control of coated tongue and the use of antimicrobial agents. Halitosis affects a large part of the population may create social and psychological disadvantages, and although it is of multifactorial origi...

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Section: Implicaciones Sociales Y Psicológicas De La Halitosisunclassified

Halitosis: Un asunto del odontólogo

Duque¹,

Tejada²

2016

CES odontol.

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“…Tongue coating has previously been reported by others to be correlated with intra-oral halitosis and that the tongue may be the primary location for bacteria producing VSCs (Miyazaki et al 1995, Roldan et al 2005, Tsai et al 2008, Bornstein et al 2009a,b, Calil et al 2009, Van Tornout et al 2013, Lu et al 2014. Mechanical cleaning of the tongue may have a short time (less than 30 min) effect on intra-oral halitosis (Seemann et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…It appears that individuals who drink coffee have lower OLS and VSC´s scores (Lu et al 2014). In contrast, cigarette smokers have significantly higher VSC scores.…”

Section: Periodontal Conditions and Intra-oral Halitosismentioning

confidence: 87%

“…In a study based on dental students, the perception of halitosis did not always reflect the actual situation (Rani et al 2015). Cultural differences may, in part explain differences in reported prevalence rates of intra oral halitosis based on self-perceived assessments (Mumghamba et al 2006, Seemann et al 2006, Hammad et al 2014, Lu et al 2014, Villa et al 2014, Kim et al 2015, and Rani et al 2015.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Intra-oral Halitosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several studies suggesting that tongue cleaning/scraping can reduce the levels of VSCs in exhaled air (Lee et al 2003, Casemiro et al 2008, Tsai et al 2008, Pham et al 2011, Lu et al 2014. One published review of the literature reported that the efficacy of tongue cleaning/scraping is conflicting (Van der Sleen et al 2010) whereas another systematic review demonstrated that there was a minor superiority of tongue scrapers as compared to brushing in reducing halitosis (Outhouse et al 2006).…”

Section: Tongue Cleaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of periodontal therapy on intra‐oral halitosis: a case series

Ademovski

Mårtensson

Persson

et al. 2016

J Clinic Periodontology

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Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of non‐surgical periodontal therapy on intra‐oral halitosis 3 months after therapy. Material and methods Sixty‐eight adults with intra‐oral halitosis were included in a case series. Intra‐oral halitosis was evaluated at baseline, and at 3 months after treatment using the organoleptic scores (OLS), Halimeter®, and a gas chromatograph. Results Significant reductions for OLS (p < 0.01), total sum of volatile sulphur compounds (T‐VSC) (p < 0.01) and methyl mercaptan (MM) (p < 0.05) values were found after treatment. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) levels were not significantly reduced. The numbers of probing pockets 4 mm, 5 mm and 6 mm were significantly reduced as a result of therapy (p < 0.001). Bleeding on probing (BOP) and plaque indices were also significantly reduced (p < 0.001). For the 34 individuals with successful periodontal treatment (BOP<20% and a ≥50% reduction of total pocket depth) reductions in OLS (p < 0.01) and T‐VSC scores (p < 0.01) were found. Eleven individuals were considered effectively treated for intra‐oral halitosis presenting with a T‐VSC value <160 ppb, a H2S value <112 ppb and a MM value <26 ppb. Conclusion Non‐surgical periodontal therapy resulted in reduction of OLS, MM and T‐VSC values 3 months after therapy. Few individuals were considered as effectively treated for intra‐oral halitosis.

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