Characteristics of oxygenated PAHs in PM 10 at Seoul, Korea

Lee, Hyun Hee; Choi, Nam-Sup; Lim, Hyung Bae; Yi, Sang-Heon; Kim, Yong Pyo; Lee, Ji Yi

doi:10.1016/j.apr.2017.07.007

Cited by 26 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Oxy-PAHs are emitted from primary sources or formed by atmospheric reactions between PAHs and atmospheric oxidants such as NOx and O 3 (Bandowe et al, 2014;Lee et al, 2018). Naphthalic anhydride (NAP-AN) and xanthone indicate the increased reactivity of PAHs adsorbed on particles exposed to atmospheric oxidants (O 3 , OH and NO 2 /O 3 mixture) (Ringuet et al, 2012), probably stimulated by photochemical activity leading to oxidation of PAHs.…”

Section: Source-related Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Naphthalic anhydride (NAP-AN) and xanthone indicate the increased reactivity of PAHs adsorbed on particles exposed to atmospheric oxidants (O 3 , OH and NO 2 /O 3 mixture) (Ringuet et al, 2012), probably stimulated by photochemical activity leading to oxidation of PAHs. PCA analyses showed that the major sources of oxy-PAHs and PAHs are vehicle emissions and biomass burning (Lee et al, 2018) which can be taken to represent secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed by photochemical reactions in the atmosphere.…”

Section: Source-related Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCA is a common method used in order to describe the impact of source categories in urban environment (Pietrogrande et al, 2011;Lee et al, 2018). The approach developed in this study has formally considered not only number of compounds but also their relations to sources which is different for different compounds in the same class of compounds.…”

Section: Pca For Aerosol Composition and Source Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Spring Aerosol in Urban Atmosphere of Megacity: Analytical and Statistical Assessment for Source Impacts

Popovicheva

Padoan

Kreis

et al. 2020

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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In the complex situation with the plurality of emissions, the important research task of assessing the air quality and potential sources through aerosol composition analyses remains for Moscow's megacity environment. The light absorption, PM 10 mass concentration, aerosol composition, and meteorological parameters in this urban background were measured during spring 2017, a period characterized by significant changes in the air temperature, mass advection, and solar radiation. The organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC) and 76 organic compounds, e.g., alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oxidized PAHs, hopanes, anhydrosugars, polyols, primary and secondary saccharides, and HULIS, as well as 13 ions, including K + , a marker of biomass burning, have been quantified to determine the carbonaceous and inorganic chemical profiles of the aerosol. The correlation between the absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) and the levoglucosan concentration reveals the relative contributions of agricultural fires and residential biomass burning (BB) nearby to the urban aerosol composition. Combining detailed analytical and statistical approaches, we have identified and analyzed the specific chemical compounds that most accurately represent the variability of the aerosol composition. Principal component analysis (PCA) highlights the main factors for marker species related to gasoline/diesel traffic, BB, biogenic activity, and secondary formation in the atmosphere. Distinguishing the BB-affected periods allows us to evaluate daily changes in the aerosol composition in relation to the transported air masses and detected fires in the areas surrounding Moscow.

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Section: Source-related Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Source-related Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pca For Aerosol Composition and Source Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Spring Aerosol in Urban Atmosphere of Megacity: Analytical and Statistical Assessment for Source Impacts

Popovicheva

Padoan

Kreis

et al. 2020

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…Collection of ambient particulate matter (PM) at the Seoul metropolitan area and particle preparation was described in a previous study [51] which showed the detailed process for sampling of PM10 and extraction of organic matter from PM. Briefly, PM10 samples were collected at the roof of a public health building of Seoul National University in the Seoul metropolitan area.…”

Section: Ambient Particulate Matters and Preparation Of Organic Compomentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from ambient particulate matter induce electrophysiological instability in cardiomyocytes

Lim

Jiao

et al. 2020

Part Fibre Toxicol

Self Cite

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Background: Epidemiologic studies have suggested that elevated concentrations of particulate matter (PM) are strongly associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, including arrhythmia. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which PM exposure causes arrhythmia and the component that is mainly responsible for this adverse effect remains to be established. In this study, the arrhythmogenicity of mobilized organic matter from two different types of PM collected during summer (SPM) and winter (WPM) seasons in the Seoul metropolitan area was evaluated. In addition, differential effects between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and oxygenated PAHs (oxy-PAHs) on the induction of electrophysiological instability were examined. Results: We extracted the bioavailable organic contents of ambient PM, measuring 10 μm or less in diameter, collected from the Seoul metropolitan area using a high-volume air sampler. Significant alterations in all factors tested for association with electrophysiological instability, such as intracellular Ca 2+ levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and mRNA levels of the Ca 2+-regulating proteins, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase (SERCA2a), Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II), and ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) were observed in cardiomyocytes treated with PM. Moreover, the alterations were higher in WPM-treated cardiomyocytes than in SPM-treated cardiomyocytes. Threefold more oxy-PAH concentrations were observed in WPM than SPM. As expected, electrophysiological instability was induced higher in oxy-PAHs (9,10-anthraquinone, AQ or 7,12-benz(a) anthraquinone, BAQ)-treated cardiomyocytes than in PAHs (anthracene, ANT or benz(a) anthracene, BaA)-treated cardiomyocytes; oxy-PAHs infusion of cells mediated by aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) was faster than PAHs infusion. In addition, ROS formation and expression of calcium-related genes were markedly more altered in cells treated with oxy-PAHs compared to those treated with PAHs.

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“…Additionally, Chen et al [8] suggested that, with smaller particle size, PM 1 is more harmful than PM 2.5 . Despite this, ambient levels and distribution of quinones have been determined mainly in PM 10 [9][10][11] and total suspended particles [12,13], while few studies have addressed those in the gas phase and fine particles simultaneously [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observed Daily Profiles of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons and Quinones in the Gas and PM1 Phases: Sources and Secondary Production in a Metropolitan Area of Mexico

et al. 2019

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The diel variation of meteorological conditions strongly influences the formation processes of secondary air pollutants. However, due to the complexity of sampling highly reactive chemical compounds, significant information about their transformation and source can be lost when sampling over long periods, affecting the representativeness of the samples. In order to determine the contribution of primary and secondary sources to ambient levels of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and quinones, measurements of gas and PM1 phases were conducted at an urban site in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area (GMA) using a 4-h sampling protocol. The relation between PAHs, quinones, criteria pollutants, and meteorology was also addressed using statistical analyses. Total PAHs (gas phase + PM1 phase) ambient levels ranged between 184.03 ng m−3 from 19:00 to 23:00 h and 607.90 ng m−3 from 07:00 to 11:00 h. These figures both coincide with the highest vehicular activity peak in the morning and at night near the sampling site, highlighting the dominant role of vehicular emissions on PAHs levels. For the gas phase, PAHs ranged from 177.59 to 595.03 ng m−3, while for PM1, they ranged between 4.81 and 17.44 ng m−3. The distribution of the different PAHs compounds between the gas and PM1 phases was consistent with their vapour pressure (p °L) reported in the literature, the PAHs with vapour pressure ≤ 1 × 10−3 Pa were partitioned to the PM1, and PAHs with vapour pressures ≥ 1 × 10−3 Pa were partitioned to the gas phase. PAHs diagnostic ratios confirmed an anthropogenic emission source, suggesting that incomplete gasoline and diesel combustion from motor vehicles represent the major share of primary emissions. Quinones ambient levels ranged between 18.02 ng m−3 at 19:00–23:00 h and 48.78 ng m−3 at 15:00–19:00 h, with significant increases during the daytime. The distribution of quinone species with vapour pressures (p °L) below 1 × 10−4 Pa were primarily partitioned to the PM1, and quinones with vapour pressures above 1 × 10−4 Pa were mainly partitioned to the gas phase. The analysis of the distribution of phases in quinones suggested emissions from primary sources and their consequent degradation in the gas phase, while quinones in PM1 showed mainly secondary formation modulated by UV, temperature, O3, and wind speed. The sampling protocol proposed in this study allowed obtaining detailed information on PAHs and quinone sources and their secondary processing to be compared to existing studies within the GMA.

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Characteristics of oxygenated PAHs in PM 10 at Seoul, Korea

Cited by 26 publications

References 27 publications

Spring Aerosol in Urban Atmosphere of Megacity: Analytical and Statistical Assessment for Source Impacts

Spring Aerosol in Urban Atmosphere of Megacity: Analytical and Statistical Assessment for Source Impacts

Oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from ambient particulate matter induce electrophysiological instability in cardiomyocytes

Observed Daily Profiles of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons and Quinones in the Gas and PM1 Phases: Sources and Secondary Production in a Metropolitan Area of Mexico

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