Characteristics of nFOG, an aerosol-based wet thin film coating technique

Harra, Juha; Tuominen, Mikko; Juuti, Paxton; Rissler, Jenny; Koivuluoto, Heli; Haapanen, Janne; Niemelä-Anttonen, Henna; Stenroos, Christian; Teisala, Hannu; Lahti, Johanna; Kuusipalo, Jurkka; Vuoristo, Petri; Mäkelä, Jyrki M.

doi:10.1007/s11998-017-0022-7

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The hexagonal ordered closed pore AR coating was deposited on a commercial 4 mm thick low-iron float glass (FG), i.e., a low-iron flat glass [16] manufactured with the float process [12]. In short, the AR coating was prepared by evaporation-induced self-assembly of a surfactant-templated silica sol deposited by nFOG™ [70]. By careful control of the synthesis parameters and post-processing steps in a climate chamber and calcination oven, a coating with ordered hexagonal pores, a smooth closed surface and an optimum thickness of 105 nm was achieved.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous paper we have presented a sol-gel based, superhydrophilic AR coating with hexagonally ordered closed pores [27]. The AR thin film was applied using an aerosol-based deposition technique called nFOG™ [70], combining easy upscaling [71] with pros related to simplicity similar to spray coating [72]. In this paper we study the durability of this AR coating with regard to humidity, heat, abrasion and soiling, and benchmark it against two commercial AR coatings with open pores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Durability of Antireflective Sio2 Coatings with Closed Pore Structure

Zäll

Karlsson²,

Järn³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability of Antireflective Sio2 Coatings with Closed Pore Structure

Zäll

Karlsson²,

Järn³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…The nFOG technique has the potential to reduce the chemical consumption compared to bath-type treatments, and to obtain more uniform films than conventional spray coating methods. A fog of micron-sized droplets (0.1-100 µm) fills the deposition chamber of the nFOG system rather than that liquids are sprayed directly onto the substrate [76]. A unique atomizer system consisting of two aerosol nozzles vertically opposed to each other creates the fog.…”

Section: Cerium Sealingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Surface Functionalization of Lightweight Materials : Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Replacing Chromium in Anodic Coatings and Carbon Nanomaterials for Lightning Strike Protection

Poot

2022

Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Licentiate Thesis

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Aviation accounts for 2-3% of the carbon dioxide emitted globally. One way to reduce emissions is to develop and introduce sustainable, functional, lightweight materials and coatings that increase the lifetime and fuel efficiency of aircraft. The main lightweight materials used in the aerospace industry today are aluminum alloys and carbon fiber reinforced plastic composites. In the work presented in this licentiate thesis, a new sustainable alternative for the replacement of toxic hexavalent chromium in a low energy and chemical consumption sealing procedure of anodized aluminum alloys is suggested (paper I and II). An alternative to the conventional metal mesh used as lightning strike protection for composite structures used today is also presented. The proposed solution adds considerably less weight and has a possibility to reduce the CO2 emission from aviation (paper III).Aluminum alloys as well as composites both exhibit high strength-to-weight ratios but come with individual drawbacks. Fiber reinforced plastics exhibit limited electrical conductivity, which is why additional protection is needed to avoid severe damage following a lightning strike. Aluminum alloys have instead the disadvantage of being susceptible to corrosion and surface protection is required to prolong the materials lifetime and to avoid devastating failures. Anodization, formation of a porous aluminum oxide coating, is the most common choice of surface treatment. This is often followed by closure of the pores through a sealing procedure. Both processes have up until recently been performed in large, energy consuming tanks with highly toxic solutions containing hexavalent chromium which must be replaced to reduce the environmental impact.Author contribution: Poot was involved in the planning of the project and responsible for anodization, sealing by immersion, SEM and STEM characterizations, and corrosion testing. Poot is the main author of the manuscript.

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“…The AR properties was optimized by simulating the transmittance for various thicknesses and refractive indices of the thin film, using effective medium theory and the transfer-matrix method. The thin films were prepared using an aerosol-assisted technique called nFOG TM [26] and dip-coating as a reference. The novel nFOG TM technique is based on gravitational settling of aerosol droplets with a dual size distribution of ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The novel nFOG TM technique is based on gravitational settling of aerosol droplets with a dual size distribution of ca. 1-2 µm and >10 µm diameters resulting in a uniform coating thickness [26] and a process well suited for industrial up-scaling [27,28]. It has previously been used for manufacturing several different type of coatings in lab-scale, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%