Characteristics of microcrystalline cellulose from nata de coco: Hydrochloric acid versus maleic acid hydrolysis

Abstract

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is a modification of natural cellulose derived from plants or fermentation products such as nata de coco, by increasing the crystallinity, aspect ratio, surface area, dispersion, and biodegradability through the acid hydrolysis process, which is widely used in the food sector and pharmaceuticals. The variables of the methods and hydrolysis reagents used will affect the characteristics of MCC. The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics of MCC from nata de coco using different acids consisting of two treatments which are hydrolysis with 2.5 N hydrochloric acid (MCC HCl ) and 62.5 wt% maleic acids (MCC MA ). The results showed that the use of different hydrolysis reagents produced different MCC characteristics.Hydrolysis of cellulose with hydrochloric acid produced MCC with a higher crystallinity index, degradation temperature, particle size, and zeta potential value but the decomposition temperature was lower than that of MCC from maleic acid. Both MCC have a narrow particle size distribution and an irregular shape with a more uneven fiber surface texture of the MCC MA and contain C O and C C groups that are not present in MCC HCl . The viscosity of MCC HCl combined with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 12% was higher than that of MCC MA under the same conditions, where the addition of both MCC with a concentration of 5% into the oil-in-water emulsion (O/W) showed good stability for 3 months, but at a concentration of 1.5% showed with creaming in the O/W emulsion with MCC HCl and no O/W emulsion was formed with MCC MA . Both MCC without the addition of CMC showed better characteristics than commercial MCC.

Protection of Mono and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids from Grapeseed Oil by Spray Drying Using Green Biopolymers as Wall Material

“…The MCC spectrum shows the representative peaks in which the region from 3400 to 3500 cm −1 and the absorption at 2900 cm −1 is due to stretching of –OH groups and CH 2 groups, respectively [ 33 ]. The absorption band at 1163 cm −1 and the peak at 896 cm −1 correspond to C–O–C stretching and are associated with the C–H rock vibration of cellulose (anomeric vibration, specific for β-glucosides) observed in MCC [ 34 ]. Additional bands are shown in Table 1 .…”

Corn Starch-Based Bionanocomposite Film Reinforced With ZnO Nanoparticles and Different Types of Plasticizers

“…The amount sample was heated from room temperature to 600 • C at a rate of 10 • C min −1 under a nitrogen flow atmosphere (50 ml/min). The derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) curve was expressed as the mass variation as a function of temperature (Nurhadi et al, 2021).…”

Characterization of Microcrystalline Cellulose Isolated from Paper Sludge

“…Wood fiber is the most prevalent industrial source of MCC. Renewable resources that can be utilized to manufacture MCC include coir fiber (Gichuki et al, 2022), oil palm empty fruit bunches (Krishnan et al, 2022), cotton fibers (Do et al, 2022), nata de coco (Nurhadi et al, 2022), birch wood (Tarabanko et al, 2022), flax (Tkachenko et al, 2022), sunflower seed waste (Akatan et al, 2022), and Lagenaria siceraria fruit (Asif et al, 2022). The physical properties of cellulose and MCC are taken from different plants, and their parts vary in water absorbability, polymerization, porosity, and crystallinity (Asif et al, 2022).…”