Characteristics of gestational diabetes subtypes classified by oral glucose tolerance test values

Kotzaeridi, Grammata; Blätter, Julia; Eppel, Daniel; Rosicky, Ingo; Linder, Tina; Geissler, Franziska; Huhn, Evelyn A.; Hösli, Irène; Tura, Andrea; Göbl, Christian

doi:10.1111/eci.13628

Cited by 28 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…In a study performed by researchers from Linz, GDM prevalence was assessed at 16.8% using the new criteria for GDM diagnosis [ 134 ]. Similar results were presented by Kotzaeridi et al, with an incidence of GDM at 17.8% [ 136 ]. On the contrary, the results presented by Muin et al were much lower.…”

Section: Europesupporting

confidence: 89%

Evolution of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus across Continents in 21st Century

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Rudziński

et al. 2022

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Over the last few decades, several definitions of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have been described. There is currently not enough research to show which way is the best to diagnose GDM. Opinions differ in terms of the optimal screening and diagnostic measures, in part due to the differences in the population risks, the cost-effectiveness considerations, and the lack of an evidence base to support large national screening programs. The basic method for identifying the disease is the measurement of glucose plasma levels which may be determined when fasting, two hours after a meal, or simply at any random time. The currently increasing incidence of diabetes in the whole population, the altering demographics and the presence of lifestyle changes still require better methods of screening for hyperglycemia, especially during pregnancy. The main aim of this review is to focus on the prevalence and modifications to the screening criteria for GDM across all continents in the 21st century. We would like to show the differences in the above issues and correlate them with the geographical situation. Looking at the history of diabetes, we are sure that more than one evolution in GDM diagnosis will occur, due to the development of medicine, appearance of modern technologies, and the dynamic continuation of research.

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Section: Europesupporting

confidence: 89%

Evolution of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus across Continents in 21st Century

Dłuski

Ruszała

Rudziński

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…58 The concept of subtyping of overt diabetes was recently validated and its role in the early development of diabetes-related complications was defined. 60 Although subclassification of GDM has already been proposed in the past, [61][62][63] these studies relied only on glucose assessments, combined in part with insulin sensitivity. While the use of such subclassification might enable us to identify a potential future T2DM risk more precisely, the clinical relevance of such approaches has yet to be proven in appropriate prospective studies.…”

Section: Discussion and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

The German Gestational Diabetes Study (PREG), a prospective multicentre cohort study: rationale, methodology and design

et al. 2022

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IntroductionEven well-treated gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) might still have impact on long-term health of the mother and her offspring, although this relationship has not yet been conclusively studied. Using in-depth phenotyping of the mother and her offspring, we aim to elucidate the relationship of maternal hyperglycaemia during pregnancy and adequate treatment, and its impact on the long-term health of both mother and child.MethodsThe multicentre PREG study, a prospective cohort study, is designed to metabolically and phenotypically characterise women with a 75-g five-point oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) during, and repeatedly after pregnancy. Outcome measures are maternal glycaemia during OGTTs, birth outcome and the health and growth development of the offspring. The children of the study participants are followed up until adulthood with developmental tests and metabolic and epigenetic phenotyping in the PREG Offspring study. A total of 800 women (600 with GDM, 200 controls) will be recruited.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been approved by all local ethics committees. Results will be disseminated via conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberThe PREG study and the PREG Offspring study are registered with Clinical Trials (ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT04270578, NCT04722900).

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“…Additionally, we aim to perform a stratified analysis based on known GDM phenotypes: predominantly insulin resistant and predominantly insulin deficient based on OGTT results. 68 69 A p value of 0.05 will be considered significant in all analyses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy Outcomes: Effects of Metformin (POEM) study: a protocol for a long-term, multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial in gestational diabetes mellitus

et al. 2022

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IntroductionGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common disorder of pregnancy with health risks for mother and child during pregnancy, delivery and further lifetime, possibly leading to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Current treatment is focused on reducing hyperglycaemia, by dietary and lifestyle intervention and, if glycaemic targets are not reached, insulin. Metformin is an oral blood glucose lowering drug and considered safe during pregnancy. It improves insulin sensitivity and has shown advantages, specifically regarding pregnancy-related outcomes and patient satisfaction, compared with insulin therapy. However, the role of metformin in addition to usual care is inconclusive and long-term outcome of metformin exposure in utero are lacking. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the early addition of metformin on pregnancy and long-term outcomes in GDM.Methods and analysisThe Pregnancy Outcomes: Effects of Metformin study is a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled trial. Participants include women with GDM, between 16 and 32 weeks of gestation, who are randomised to either usual care or metformin added to usual care, with insulin rescue in both groups. Metformin is given up to 1 year after delivery. The study consists of three phases (A–C): A—until 6 weeks after delivery; B—until 1 year after delivery; C—observational study until 20 years after delivery. During phase A, the primary outcome is a composite score consisting of: (1) pregnancy-related hypertension, (2) large for gestational age neonate, (3) preterm delivery, (4) instrumental delivery, (5) caesarean delivery, (6) birth trauma, (7) neonatal hypoglycaemia, (8) neonatal intensive care admission. During phase B and C the primary outcome is the incidence of T2DM and (weight) development in mother and child.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Central Committee on Research Involving Human Subjects in the Netherlands. Results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT02947503.

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Characteristics of gestational diabetes subtypes classified by oral glucose tolerance test values

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 28 publications

References 28 publications

Evolution of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus across Continents in 21st Century

Evolution of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus across Continents in 21st Century

The German Gestational Diabetes Study (PREG), a prospective multicentre cohort study: rationale, methodology and design

Pregnancy Outcomes: Effects of Metformin (POEM) study: a protocol for a long-term, multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial in gestational diabetes mellitus

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