Characteristics of fine carbonaceous aerosols in Wuhai, a resource-based city in Northern China:Insights from energy efficiency and population density

Liu, Peng; Zhou, Haijun; Xia, Chun-hong; Wan, Zhiqiang; Liu, Tao; Sun, Bing He; Wang, Jingwen; Zhang, Wenhui

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118368

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…At the same time, the variance in OC was greater than that in EC in XN and QL, which indicated that the emission of EC was more stable. Generally, EC is generated through the direct discharge of pollutants, while the sources of OC are more complex, including POC produced through direct emission and SOC produced through the photochemical reaction of organic matter [35]. This can lead to greater variability in OC particles compared with EC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The value of OC/EC is an important index of reaction pollution sources [35]. In summer, OC/EC values were 9.84 ± 6.95 and 10.00 ± 6.99 in XN and QL, respectively (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In summer, OC/EC values were 9.84 ± 6.95 and 10.00 ± 6.99 in XN and QL, respectively (Table 1). When the OC/EC value is greater than 2, it indicates SOC generation [35]. POC is produced through the direct emission of pollutants, and SOC is formed by gaseous organic matter through atmospheric photochemical and other reactions [37].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PM2.5 and O3 in an Enclosed Basin, the Guanzhong Basin of Northern China: Insights into Distributions, Appointment Sources, and Transport Pathways

Li,

Guo,

Wan

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Aerosol samples (PM2.5) were collected in Xi’an (XN) from 11 August to 11 September 2021 and in Qinling (QL) from 14 July to 24 August 2021, respectively. In addition, ozone (O3) data were collected in order to investigate the characteristics and source areas of PM2.5 and O3 in the Guanzhong Basin (GB). The concentrations of PM2.5, organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC) in XN (53.40 ± 17.42, 4.61 ± 2.41, and 0.78 ± 0.60 μg m−3, respectively) were higher than those in QL (27.57 ± 8.27, 4.23 ± 1.37, and 0.67 ± 0.53 μg m−3, respectively) in summer. Total water-soluble ions (TWSIIs) accounted for 19.40% and 39.37% of the PM2.5 concentrations in XN and QL, respectively. O3 concentrations in summer were 102.44 ± 35.08 μg m−3 and 47.95 ± 21.63 μg m−3 in XN and QL, respectively, and they showed a significant correlation with Ox. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model identified three main sources in XN and QL, including coal combustion source (COB), secondary aerosol (SA), and dust sources (DUSs). The potential source contribution function (PSCF) and a concentration weight trajectory (CWT) model with back-trajectory analysis showed that Inner Mongolia, the interior of Shaanxi, and nearby areas to the southwest were the sources and source areas of carbonaceous matter in XN and QL. The results of this study can contribute to the development of prevention and control policies and guidelines for PM2.5 and O3 in the GB. Furthermore, long-term and sustainable measuring and monitoring of PM2.5 and O3 are necessary, which is of great significance for studying climate change and the sustainable development of the environment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The value of OC/EC is an important index of reaction pollution sources [35]. In summer, OC/EC values were 9.84 ± 6.95 and 10.00 ± 6.99 in XN and QL, respectively (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PM2.5 and O3 in an Enclosed Basin, the Guanzhong Basin of Northern China: Insights into Distributions, Appointment Sources, and Transport Pathways

Li,

Guo,

Wan

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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“…Other studies indicate that values between 0.7 to 2.4 are related to vehicle emissions, and values between 0.3 to 7.6 are related to biomass burning [48]. Other studies support that relatively low ratios reflect the significant impact of coal combustion as well as a high contribution from traffic emissions, while high values are associated with biomass burning or secondary organic aerosol (SOC) formation [27,86,146]. There are some authors who have defined OC/EC ratios for emission source determination as 1.0 to 4.2 for diesel or gasoline vehicle exhaust or fossil fuel combustion; 16.8-40.0 for wood combustion; 2.5-10.5 for residential coal smoke; and about 7.7 for biomass burning emission [59].…”

Section: Identification Of Emission Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Characterization and Measurement of the Carbonaceous Fraction of Particulate Matter

Correa-Ochoa,

Bedoya,

Gómez

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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The carbonaceous particles represent a significant fraction in the particulate matter (PM) and are considered an environmental hazard due to their effects on climate and health. The main goal in this research is to identify and analyze the scope that have been achieved so far on the characterization and measurement of the carbonaceous fraction present in PM, a great contribution to global pollution and thus to the deterioration of public health. The ProKnow-C methodology was used to build a bibliographic portfolio and perform a bibliometric and systemic analysis of the information found in the chosen databases. The contribution of these carbonaceous compounds to PM is very significant, reaching values up to 50%. The most used methods for the determination of organic and elemental carbon are thermo-optical reflectance and transmittance. Positive Factorization models are used worldwide to determine potential sources of particulate matter emissions. Even though various studies have been developed to understand these carbonaceous substances, there are several limitations in the measurements and limited knowledge on the subject. The positive outcomes and future possibilities were analyzed as well.

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“…However, studies on characterization of atmospheric fine aerosols at underground coal fire areas are very limited, which focused only on bulk components (organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC)), PAHs, toxic metals (e.g., Hg, As) and trace elements (e.g., Li, F) (Cheng et al., 2015; Dai et al., 2012; Liang, 2018; S. Q. Liu et al., 2012; P. Liu et al., 2022; Shan et al., 2019; Sun et al., 2023; van Dijk et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2003; W. Y. Zhao et al., 2008). To the best of our knowledge, diacids and related compounds have not been studied at coalfield areas, where the emission of VOCs from underground spontaneous combustion could significantly influence their loadings and molecular distributions in aerosols, and thus significantly impact the Earth's climate system at local to regional scales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and ¹³C Signature of Dicarboxylic Acids and Related Compounds in Fine Aerosols Near Underground Coal Fires in North China: Implications for Fossil Origin of Azelaic Acid

Xu,

Zhao,

et al. 2023

JGR Atmospheres

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To understand the characteristics of chemical components and dicarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic acids and α‐dicarbonyls in atmospheric aerosols at underground coal fire environment, we collected fine aerosols (PM2.5) from Wuhai, Inner Mongolia, North China, where the underground coal fire often occurs. PM2.5 samples were analyzed for the measurements of carbonaceous components, stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of total carbon, and molecular distribution and compound‐specific δ13C of diacids, oxoacids and α‐dicarbonyls. Oxalic acid (C2) was the most abundant species, accounting for 43.2%–63.1% (avg. 50.8%) of total diacids, followed by phthalic acid (Ph) (13.7%). Azelaic acid (C9) was the third most (7.4%) abundant, followed by succinic (C4) and malonic (C3) acids. Significant correlations of C2 diacid with glyoxylic (ωC2) and 3‐oxopropanoic (ωC3) acids and C3 diacid and their δ13C implied that diacids and related compounds were mainly derived from the underground coal fire emissions and subsequent in situ secondary formation. Based on molecular distribution, seasonal pattern and linear relations of C9 diacid with C2, C3, ωC2 and ωC3 as well as with Ph acid and total diacids, together with the comparability and similarity of its δ13C (−27.0 ± 0.9‰) with that of Ph acid and organic matter in coals, respectively, we found that the C9 diacid has been mainly derived from its precursors such as unsaturated fatty acids emitted from underground coal fires and their subsequent in situ photochemical oxidation. However, further research is needed to confirm such an importance of coal combustion for azelaic acid loading in atmospheric aerosols.

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Characteristics of fine carbonaceous aerosols in Wuhai, a resource-based city in Northern China:Insights from energy efficiency and population density

Cited by 11 publications

References 77 publications

PM2.5 and O3 in an Enclosed Basin, the Guanzhong Basin of Northern China: Insights into Distributions, Appointment Sources, and Transport Pathways

PM2.5 and O3 in an Enclosed Basin, the Guanzhong Basin of Northern China: Insights into Distributions, Appointment Sources, and Transport Pathways

A Review on the Characterization and Measurement of the Carbonaceous Fraction of Particulate Matter

Distribution and ¹³C Signature of Dicarboxylic Acids and Related Compounds in Fine Aerosols Near Underground Coal Fires in North China: Implications for Fossil Origin of Azelaic Acid

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Characteristics of fine carbonaceous aerosols in Wuhai, a resource-based city in Northern China:Insights from energy efficiency and population density

Cited by 11 publications

References 77 publications

PM2.5 and O3 in an Enclosed Basin, the Guanzhong Basin of Northern China: Insights into Distributions, Appointment Sources, and Transport Pathways

PM2.5 and O3 in an Enclosed Basin, the Guanzhong Basin of Northern China: Insights into Distributions, Appointment Sources, and Transport Pathways

A Review on the Characterization and Measurement of the Carbonaceous Fraction of Particulate Matter

Distribution and 13C Signature of Dicarboxylic Acids and Related Compounds in Fine Aerosols Near Underground Coal Fires in North China: Implications for Fossil Origin of Azelaic Acid

Contact Info

Product

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Distribution and ¹³C Signature of Dicarboxylic Acids and Related Compounds in Fine Aerosols Near Underground Coal Fires in North China: Implications for Fossil Origin of Azelaic Acid