Characteristics of Fast ion beam in Neon and Argon filled plasma focus correlated with Lee Model Code

Damideh, Vahid; Chin, O. H.; Saw, S. H.; Lee, P.C.K.; Rawat, Rajdeep Singh; Lee, S.

doi:10.1016/j.vacuum.2019.108916

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…An evident progress was achieved in theoretical modeling of ion motions, and in particular the characteristics of ion beams generated in a small 2-kJ PF device, which was operated with the neon and argon filling, were investigated [104]. It was shown that the results of computations performed on the basis of a Lee model code were very consistent with the measured values of ion speed and energy, ion flux, and ion fluence.…”

Section: Figure 12mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Reasonable agreement was found for all the measured quantities. Vahid et al [104,305] carried out extensive and systematic measurements using Faraday Cups, PIN diode detectors, and photomultiplier-scintillator measurements to study ion beams from PFs operated in deuterium, neon, and argon correlate the results with the Lee code, thus providing conclusive experimental validation of the ion beam computations of the Lee code.…”

Section: Ion Beams and Fast Plasma Streamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Update on the Scientific Status of the Plasma Focus

Auluck

Kubeš

Paduch

et al. 2021

Plasma

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This paper is a sequel to the 1998 review paper “Scientific status of the Dense Plasma Focus” with 16 authors belonging to 16 nations, whose initiative led to the establishment of the International Center for Dense Magnetized Plasmas (ICDMP) in the year 2000. Its focus is on understanding the principal defining characteristic features of the plasma focus in the light of the developments that have taken place in the last 20 years, in terms of new facilities, diagnostics, models, and insights. Although it is too soon to proclaim with certainty what the plasma focus phenomenon is, the results available to date conclusively indicate what it is demonstrably not. The review looks at the experimental data, cross-correlated across multiple diagnostics and multiple devices, to delineate the contours of an emerging narrative that is fascinatingly different from the standard narrative, which has guided the consensus in the plasma focus community for several decades, without invalidating it. It raises a question mark over the Fundamental Premise of Controlled Fusion Research, namely, that any fusion reaction having the character of a beam-target process must necessarily be more inefficient than a thermonuclear process with a confined thermal plasma at a suitably high temperature. Open questions that need attention of researchers are highlighted. A future course of action is suggested that individual plasma focus laboratories could adopt in order to positively influence the future growth of research in this field, to the general benefit of not only the controlled fusion research community but also the world at large.

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Section: Figure 12mentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Ion Beams and Fast Plasma Streamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on the Scientific Status of the Plasma Focus

Auluck

Kubeš

Paduch

et al. 2021

Plasma

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show abstract

“…Inductive voltages are considered as the driver of the observed fast ion beams. Realistic simulations are achieved for axial and radial dynamics [35], fast ion beams [36] and relativistic electron beams [37], and post-pinch fast plasma flows [38], with all these having been verified against experimental measurements. The simulated neutron yields in D and D-T have been compared extensively with experimental measurements in various machines, most recently by Marciniak et al in the Polish machine PF-24 [39], with wider agreement than achievable by any other codes [2,5].…”

Section: Proposed Configurationmentioning

confidence: 77%

Pushing the limits of existing plasma focus towards 10¹⁶ fusion neutrons with Q = 0.01

Lee¹

2022

Plasma Sci. Technol.

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Existing conventional megajoule plasma focus machines with 2–3 MA are producing fusion neutron yields of several times 1011 in deuterium operation, the fusion yields being predominantly beam-gas target. Increasing the current to 10 MA and using 50%-50% D-T mixture would scale the neutron yield towards 1016 D-T fusion neutrons. In this work, we derive the Lawson criterion for plasma focus devices with beam-target fusion neutron mechanism, so that we may glimpse what future technological advancements are needed for a breakeven Q=1 plasma focus. We do numerical experiments with a present-day feasible 0.9 MV, 8.1 MJ, 11 MA machine operating in 100 Torr in 50%-50% D-T mixture. The Lee Code simulation gives a detailed description of the plasma focus dynamics through each phase, and provides plasma and yield parameters which show that out of 1.1 × 1019 fast beam ions produced in the plasma focus pinch, only 1.24 × 1014 ions take part in beam-target fusion reactions within the pinch, producing the same number of D-T neutrons. The remnant beam ions, numbering practically 1019, exit the focus pinch at 1.9 MeV, which is far above the 115 keV ion energy necessary for optimum beam-target cross-section. It is proposed to regain the lost fusion rates, by using a high-pressure D-T filled, drift-tube to attenuate the energy of the remnant beam ions until they reach the energy for optimum fusion cross-section. Such a fusion enhancement tube would further harvest beam-target fusion reactions by increasing the interaction path length (1 m) at increased interaction density (6 atm). A gain factor of 300 is conservatively estimated, with final yield of 3.7 × 1016 D-T neutrons carrying kinetic energy (KE) of 83.6 kJ, demonstrating Q = 0.01.

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“…The emitted high-energy ion and electron beams from pinch plasma in a DPF have been used in different fields such as nano-material and device fabrication [7], thin film deposition [8], surface modification [9], thermal surface treatment [10], ion-assisted coating [11], ion implication, and production of short-lived radioisotopes [12] including plasma processing. Many efforts have been made in experimental studies of applications of fast ion and electron beams from various DPF devices [13]. Most of the experiments in ion beam detection were performed with deuterium to investigate neutron production and deuteron acceleration during plasma focus discharge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Ion Beam for Various Gases in a Spherical Plasma Focus Device

Malek

2022

J. eng. adv.

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This study presents the computed ion beam properties (flux, fluence, and energy) of argon, neon, and nitrogen gases with pressure variation in the spherical plasma focus device, KPU200 SPF. Numerical experiments are performed using the Lee code (version: RADPFV5.16FIB) with the gases in the pressure range of 0.10 - 19 Torr. The electrode geometry has been obtained by applying the ‘equivalent straightened electrode’ technique. The computed results for each of the gases show that the ion beam properties increase with the increase in pressure until reach a peak value and then start to reduce with further pressure increase. The peak ion beam flux (ions m-2 s-1), fluence (ions m-2), and energy (J) from heavier argon pinch plasma are found as 5.31 × 1027 at 2 Torr, 8.93 × 1020 at 3.5 Torr, and 3.46 × 104 at 3 Torr, respectively which are the utmost values from neon and nitrogen gases. Significant correlations of pinch radius and duration, effective charge number, and induced voltage with these ion beam properties are noticed and discussed in this paper. The obtained results of this study are compared with those of the NX2 plasma focus device that makes the consistency of the present research work.

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Characteristics of Fast ion beam in Neon and Argon filled plasma focus correlated with Lee Model Code

Cited by 12 publications

References 45 publications

Update on the Scientific Status of the Plasma Focus

Update on the Scientific Status of the Plasma Focus

Pushing the limits of existing plasma focus towards 10¹⁶ fusion neutrons with Q = 0.01

Characteristics of Ion Beam for Various Gases in a Spherical Plasma Focus Device

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Characteristics of Fast ion beam in Neon and Argon filled plasma focus correlated with Lee Model Code

Cited by 12 publications

References 45 publications

Update on the Scientific Status of the Plasma Focus

Update on the Scientific Status of the Plasma Focus

Pushing the limits of existing plasma focus towards 1016 fusion neutrons with Q = 0.01

Characteristics of Ion Beam for Various Gases in a Spherical Plasma Focus Device

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Pushing the limits of existing plasma focus towards 10¹⁶ fusion neutrons with Q = 0.01