Characteristics of Ethanol Extract of Detam 1 Indonesian Soybean and Jati Belanda Leaves and the Effects of their Combinations on Weight Gain and Jejunum Histopathological Changes in Male Wistar Rats

Abstract

Background: Anti-Nutritional-Factors (ANF) are natural or synthetic compounds that interfere with the absorption of nutrients. ANF may cause changes in the histopathology of the small intestinal mucosa, and may affect the digestive, secretory and absorptive functions of the small intestine. Soybean and Jati Belanda leaves which can promote weight loss, may contain ANF. In this study, soybean seeds variety Detam 1 and Jati Belanda leaves were used to assess their potential effects on weight gains and jejunum functions. Research Objective: To study the effects of ethanol extracts of Detam 1 raw soybean (EEDS) and Jati Belanda (EEJB) Bumi Herbal Dago variety and their combinations on weight gain and jejunum histopathological changes in male Wistar rats. Research Methods: Phytochemical analyses of EEDS and EEJB ethanol extracts were performed, then assayed for the above mentioned activities after administered to high-fat induced male Wistar rats for 28 days. Weight gain was determined and histopathological examination of jejunum was achieved after fixation and staining with Hematoxylin Eosin. Results: The combinations of EEDS:EEJB (2:1 and 1:2 w/w) reduced the weight gain with the effect being more pronounced (5.95%) for the combination 1:2 (w/w). Such effect may be attributed to ANFs contained in EEDS and EEJB such as tannin, saponin, flavonoids and phenolics. The histopathologic examination of the positive control group was not different from all treatment groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The combination EEDS:EEJB (1:2 w/w) is effective in inhibiting weight gain without remarkable histopathological changes in male Wistar rat jejunum.

Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extract from Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk. Leaves in Modulating Apoptosis of Yeast Cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

“…In this regard, polyphenol is commonly used as radical scavenger. Hidayat [18] reported that ethanol extract of guazuma leaves contained some compounds such as phenolic, flavonoid NaOH, triterpenoids, quinones and tannins. In guazuma leaves, the potential compounds associated with antioxidant and anti-triglyceride activity included flavonoid, tannins, carotenoid and phenolic acids [19].…”

Modulation of adipogenesis-related gene expression by ethanol extracts of Detam 1 soybean and Jati belanda leaf in 3T3-L1 cells

“…Ethanol extractions of Detam 1 soybean and Jati belanda were carried out by simple maceration method (Hidayat et al, 2015b). Detam 1 soybean (3 kg) and Jati belanda (700 g) were extracted twice by ethanol for 7 days.…”

“…Guazuma ulmifolia Lam., known as "Jati belanda" in Indonesia has been popularly used as therapeutics for hypercholesterolemic, gastro-intestinal disorder, diabetes mellitus, and to reduce weight in some parts of the world (Feltrin et al, 2012;Magos et al, 2008). Our previous study demonstrated that ethanol extract of Detam 1 soybean seeds and ethanol extract of Jati belanda leaves have potential as anti-obesity, it inhibited weight gain in male Wistar rat and possessed inhibitory activities toward glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (CHOL) in 3T3-L1 cell line (Hidayat et al, 2015a;Hidayat et al, 2015b).…”

Subchronic Toxicity Test of Combination Ethanol Extract of Detam 1 Soybean (Glycine Max L. Merr) and Jati Belanda (Guazuma Ulmifolia Lamk) Toward Function, Weight, and Histopathological of Wistar Rat Liver

“…The combination of EEDS and EEJB has been proven in reducing bodyweight loss and antihiperlipidemia [9][10][11]. It supposed to be consumed for relatively long time.…”