Characteristics of easterly-induced snowfall in Yeongdong and its relationship to air-sea temperature difference

Nam, Hyoung-Gu; Kim, Byung-Gon; Han, Sang-Ok; Lee, Chulkyu; Lee, Seoung Soo

doi:10.1007/s13143-014-0044-3

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…In contrast, the heavy snowfalls and more winter precipitation in the cities along the Korean coast are primarily associated with weaker VWS and northeasterly SSW over the smaller upper OHC (colder SST) in the western ES following the MPBL mechanism rather than Δ T ‐driven evaporation. Indeed, in spite of the importance of low‐level atmospheric instability suggested here and previous works (Nam et al, ) on the heavy snowfall episodes, winter mean of Δ T in three areas in the upstream for northeasterly SSW (A, B, and C shown in Figure (c)) off the coast does not correlate with the precipitation (Figures (d) and (e)). Additionally, peaks in the standard deviation of Δ T are found in 2002 and 2006, unlike those of the winter mean precipitation (e.g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the total amount of winter precipitation at GN was recorded to be 48.0 mm between 11 and 14 January 2008 with a peak daily precipitation of 22.5 mm day −1 on 12 January 2008 (Cho and Kwon, ). The snowfall amounts averaged over four cities in the coastal region are 79.2 and 70.6 cm for 36 and 62 h through 4–5 March 2005 and 10–13 February 2010, respectively [daily maximum fresh snow depths are 44 cm in GN on 4 March 2005 and 65.7 cm in Uljin (UJ) on 5 March 2005] (Park et al, ; Nam et al, ). Reports from local media indicate that snowfall episodes with total amount of 200 cm or more occurred in 1993 and 2010, and total amount of 96.8 cm occurred in 2003.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been suggested that heavy snowfall is linked to enhanced temperature difference (Δ T ) between 850 hPa and SST since convective clouds develop well over the sea with high ΔT (colder atmosphere over warmer sea) (Cho and Kwon, ; Lee et al, ; Nam et al, ; Song et al, ). When the northerly or the northwesterly sea surface wind (SSW) blows from the Eurasian continent, dense condensation on the mountainous landmass and the resultant precipitation by cumulus convection of humid air mass delivered from the ES can trigger heavy snowfall in the ES side of Japan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interannual variability of winter precipitation linked to upper ocean heat content off the east coast of Korea

Park

Nam

2017

Intl Journal of Climatology

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We present a link between highly variable winter precipitation (e.g. occasional heavy snow) in the mountainous cities along the east coast of Korea and upper ocean heat content (OHC) in the western part of the East Sea (Japan Sea). After removing annual climatological cycle, OHC (as well as sea surface temperature, SST) variability coherent with the winter sea surface wind (SSW) is extracted using maximum covariance analysis (MCA). The first‐mode MCA pattern, explaining 68% of the total covariance, indicates that the stronger westerly (easterly) winter SSW links to larger (smaller) OHC in the upper 400 m or higher (lower) SST of the western part of the sea. Time series of the first‐mode MCA are comparable to winter precipitation variability at three local cities along the coast (Gangneung, Donghae, and Uljin) with significantly high correlation coefficients (0.84, 0.68, and 0.56, respectively). The links between OHC and SSW and between SSW and precipitation are discussed because zonal contrast of OHC drives zonal tilt of northerly monsoonal wind in winter by canonical turbulent momentum exchange within the marine planetary boundary layer (MPBL). The momentum exchange within the MPBL yields the interannual variability of SSW and thus, winter precipitation in the coastal cities.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interannual variability of winter precipitation linked to upper ocean heat content off the east coast of Korea

Park

Nam

2017

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…Further we examined cloudlayer impacts on temperature and humidity differences for the analysis of both sensors' performance among various weather conditions, and also compared daytime and nighttime profiles to understand temporal dependence of meteorological sensors. The overall results showed that there are small but consistent biases in both temperature and humidity between different manufactured sensors, which could eventually secure reliable precisions of both sensors, irrespec- (Durre et al, 2006;Lee et al, 2012;Nam et al, 2014;Seo et al, 2015). 이와 같이 라디오존데는 기상연구에 있어서 기초적인 자료로써 중요한 부분을 차지하고 있지만, 같은 지점에서 관측 하는 라디오존데 일지라도 라디오존데 센서가 변경되 면 입력자료가 변경되어 다양한 모델의 결과에 오차 를 유발할 수 있다 (Eskridge et al, 2003).…”

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Intercomparison between Temperature and Humidity Sensors of Radiosonde by Different Manufacturers in the ESSAY (Experiment on Snow Storms At Yeongdong) Campaign

wonseok¹,

Eun²,

Kim³

et al. 2016

Atmosphere

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“…Using satellite passive microwave observations at highfrequency channels, snowfall may be retrieved due to the scattering of upwelling radiation by snowflakes (Katsumata et al, 2000;Bennartz and Bauer, 2003;Skofronick-Jackson and Johnson, 2011;Gong and Wu, 2017). Retrieval algorithms have been developed both in research mode (Kim et al, 2008;Kongoli et al, 2015;Liu and Seo, 2013;Noh et al, 2006;Skofronick-Jackson et al, 2004) and for operations (Kummerow et al, 2015;Meng et al, 2017). Skofronick-Jackson et al (2004) and Kim et al (2008) developed phys-ically based retrieval algorithms which seek the best match between radiative transfer model simulated and satellite observed brightness temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microphysical properties of three types of snow clouds: implication for satellite snowfall retrievals

et al. 2020

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Abstract. Ground-based radar and radiometer data observed during the 2017–2018 winter season over the Pyeongchang area on the east coast of the Korean Peninsula were used to simultaneously estimate both the cloud liquid water path and snowfall rate for three types of snow clouds: near-surface, shallow, and deep. Surveying all the observed data, it is found that near-surface clouds are the most frequently observed cloud type with an area fraction of over 60 %, while deep clouds contribute the most in snowfall volume with about 50 % of the total. The probability distributions of snowfall rates are clearly different among the three types of clouds, with the vast majority hardly reaching 0.3 mm h−1 (liquid water equivalent snowfall rate) for near-surface, 0.5 mm h−1 for shallow, and 1 mm h−1 for deep clouds. However, the liquid water paths in the three types of clouds all have the substantial probability to reach 500 g m−2. There is no clear correlation found between snowfall rate and the liquid water path for any of the cloud types. Based on all observed snow profiles, brightness temperatures at Global Precipitation Measurement Microwave Imager (GPM/GMI) channels are simulated, and the ability of a Bayesian algorithm to retrieve snowfall rate is examined using half the profiles as observations and the other half as an a priori database. Under an idealized scenario, i.e., without considering the uncertainties caused by surface emissivity, ice particle size distribution, and particle shape, the study found that the correlation as expressed by R2 between the “retrieved” and “observed” snowfall rates is about 0.32, 0.41, and 0.62, respectively, for near-surface, shallow, and deep snow clouds over land surfaces; these numbers basically indicate the upper limits capped by cloud natural variability, to which the retrieval skill of a Bayesian retrieval algorithm can reach. A hypothetical retrieval for the same clouds but over ocean is also studied, and a major improvement in skills is found for near-surface clouds with R2 increasing from 0.32 to 0.52, while a smaller improvement is found for shallow and deep clouds. This study provides a general picture of the microphysical characteristics of the different types of snow clouds and points out the associated challenges in retrieving their snowfall rate from passive microwave observations.

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Characteristics of easterly-induced snowfall in Yeongdong and its relationship to air-sea temperature difference

Cited by 30 publications

References 13 publications

Interannual variability of winter precipitation linked to upper ocean heat content off the east coast of Korea

Interannual variability of winter precipitation linked to upper ocean heat content off the east coast of Korea

Intercomparison between Temperature and Humidity Sensors of Radiosonde by Different Manufacturers in the ESSAY (Experiment on Snow Storms At Yeongdong) Campaign

Microphysical properties of three types of snow clouds: implication for satellite snowfall retrievals

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