Characteristics of dental pulp in human upper first premolar teeth based on immunohistochemical and morphometric examinations

Abstract

Teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons are commonly considered as healthy. Therefore, it is possible to examine structure of the dental pulp can be fully recognized and how it is affected by malocclusion. The aim of the study was to evaluate by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and morphometry dental pulp in human upper first premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons. The material comprised 36 teeth of 20 patients in the age range 16-26 years. By the use of IHC markers the presence of immunocompetent cells (CD20, CD45RO, and CD68), blood vessels (CD31) and nerves (PGP9.5) were examined in the pulp. Inflammatory infiltrates and tissue atrophy were observed in 24 and 10 teeth, respectively. Strong positive correlation between the width of the odontoblastic layer, the number of rows of odontoblast nuclei and the increase of MVA (microvessel area) in the pulp of atrophic teeth was found. The cellular infiltrations found in H&E-stained sections were identified by IHC as memory T cells (CD45RO+) and B lymphocytes (CD20+) with macrophages (CD68+) present at the periphery. The CD20 antigen was intensively expressed in 13 teeth, CD45RO in 33 teeth, and CD68 in 20 teeth. Thus, despite the lack of any clinical signs of pulp disease many teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons show focal pulp inflammation and atrophy which probably results from the malocclusion stress accompanying teeth crowding.

Correlation between numbers of cells in human dental pulp and age: Implications for age estimation

“…This has also been reported by Tomaszewska et al, 2013 who observed that the cell-free zone may often be absent while the cell-rich zone was always present but with some modification to its cellular elements (Tomaszewska, Miskowiak, Matthews-Brzozowska & Wierzbicki, 2013). The reduction of the subodontoblasts with age will also have an effect on the tooth's ability to function in response to tooth injury.…”

Measurement of pulp blood flow rates in maxillary anterior teeth using ultrasound Doppler flowmetry

“…) and 14–51 μm (Tomaszewska et al . ). Given the positive correlation between vessel diameter and flow rate, it can be deduced that the blood flow velocities of the pulp arterioles, which are 10–50 μm in diameter, were approximately 0.1–2.0 cm s −1 .…”

In-office tooth bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide promotes moderate/severe pulp inflammation and production of ll-1β, TNF-β, GPX, FGF-2 and osteocalcin in rats

“…Contact of hydrogen peroxide with the dental enamel causes mineral loss, thus increasing its porosity, which increases diffusion of the bleaching agent into deeper areas of dentin and pulp tissue 20 . By histologic examination, some studies have reported that depending on the type of pulp irritability and potency, minor alterations such as reversible inflammatory reactions or even tissue degeneration may occur 3 , 21 , 25 . The presence of lymphocytes is common in these cases, characterizing the inflammatory process 8 , 21 .…”