Characteristics of cervical disease among symptomatic women with histopathological sample at Hawassa University referral hospital, Southern Ethiopia

Abstract

BackgroundCervical cancer is one of the most common cancers of women in developing countries. It is also eminent cause of mortality and morbidity in women worldwide. Symptoms usually develop when the cancer has become invasive and invade nearby tissue. This has significant effect on treatment of cases in area where there is limited awareness. The aim of this study is to describe cervical disease among symptomatic women with a histhological sample at Hawassa University referral hospital, southern Ethiopia.MethodsFive years retrospective histopathological characteristics of symptomatic cervical cases were studied from January, 2010 to January, 2015 at Hawassa University referral hospital pathology laboratory. Clinical diagnosis of patients, patient’s age, biopsy sample size and type, and microscopic finding of the cases were collected for this study. The data were entered by Epi-Info statistical software version 7 and later exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive analyses such as frequency, mean, and standard deviation were computed.ResultsA total of 513 patients with cervical lesion were examined histopathologically in the study period. The age ranges of the patients were from 17 to 85 years with mean and standard deviation of 42 ± 11 years. Of these symptomatic examined cases, 253 (49.3%) of them were cancerous lesion while non cancerous and precancerous cases account 166 (32.4%) and 51 (9.9%) respectively. Cervical squamous cell carcinoma was the predominant type cancer which accounts 211(83.4%) of all cancerous cervical cases. The proportion of cervical cancer was higher in age group older than 60. The magnitude of cervical cancer and precancerous cases were steadily increasing throughout study periods whereas non cancerous cases were fluctuating.ConclusionsCervical cases were associated with wide range of disorders. Cervical cancer was the predominant cervical disease in symptomatic southern Ethiopian women. The high proportion of cervical cancer was observed in post-menopausal age when compared with other cervical cases. Effective uses of low-tech and inexpensive screening tools that already exist and giving awareness about the disease in combination with vaccine could reduce this high magnitude of cervical cancer in study area.

Histomorphological and sociodemographic profile of lesions of uterine cervix: A study of 279 cases

“…of patients encountered in our study were of sexually active age group i.e.30-50 years, most common age group affected being 41-50 years (41.57%). Similar results were seen by PallipadyA et al [6] and Ameya G et al [5] In our study nonsmokers and non-tobacco users accounted for 135 cases (48%) followed closely by tobacco users comprising 47.3% of total cases. Smokers were only 3.94%.…”

“…This was closely followed by hysterectomy specimens (46.2%). Similar results were seen by Ameya G et al, [5] they also reported biopsy as the most common specimen type (76.2%). Hysterectomies were more common in cases reported malignant in our study.…”

“…This data shows that benign lesions were more common than their malignant counterpart in our study population. Similar results were seen by Poste P et al [9] Naveen Kumar BJ et al, [10] Pandit GA et al, [4] SarvananS et al [11] However, Ameya G et al [5] encountered more malignant cases (49.3%) as compared to benign and premalignant cases. The possible reason they gave was less awareness of cervical cancer screening in the area and women visiting the hospital after overt symptoms were present.…”

Cancer in Africa: Is It a Genetic or Environmental Health Problem?

“…However, in Africa it is rather challenged by many factors including limited resources, lack of knowledge about the cervical cancer and unavailability of screening centers (52,53). It was estimated that the overall cervical cancer screening in Ethiopia was 0.8% according to the ICO Information Centre on HPV and Cancer 2017 (54). Similarly, it was reported to be 1% in another study done by Getachew et al (52).…”

<p>Intention to Screen for Cervical Cancer Among Child Bearing Age Women in Bahir Dar City, North-West Ethiopia: Using Theory of Planned Behavior</p>

“… 8 Cervical cancer ranks as the second most frequent cancer among women in Ethiopia and the leading cause of cancer related deaths. 9 Studies revealed that the age-adjusted incidence rate of cervical cancer in Ethiopia is 35.9 per 100,000 patients, with 7,619 new cases and 6,081 deaths every year. 10 The distribution of the problem across different regions in Ethiopia between 1997–2012 was 32.98%, 30.15%, and 19.72% in Addis Ababa, Oromia, and Amhara, respectively.…”