Characteristics of caries-inducing human streptococci resembling Streptococcus mutans

Edwardsson, S.

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(68)90142-8

Cited by 217 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Most of the in vitro and animal model systems, however, involved the use of mutans streptococci as the cariogenic organism. It is known that mutans streptococci do not produce endogenous a-amylase (Edwardsson, 1968) nor do they bind salivary a-amylase Kilian and Nyvad, 1990;Scannapieco et al, 1989). Thus, the evaluation of the cariogenic potential of starch-containing foods in these model systems may not accurately reflect in vivo conditions.…”

Section: Role Of A-amylase In Dental Cariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary α-Amylase: Role in Dental Plaque and Caries Formation

Scannapieco

Torres

Levine

1993

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

236

163

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Salivary a-amylase, one of the most plentiful components in human saliva, has at least three distinct biological functions. The enzymatic activity of a-amylase undoubtedly plays a role in carbohydrate digestion. Amylase in solution binds with high affinity to a selected group of oral streptococci, a function that may contribute to bacterial clearance and nutrition. The fact that a-amylase is also found in acquired enamel pellicle suggests a role in the adhesion of a-amylase-binding bacteria. All of these biological activities seem to depend on an intact enzyme conformation. Binding of a-amylase to bacteria and teeth may have important implications for dental plaque and caries formation. a-Amylase bound to bacteria in plaque may facilitate dietary starch hydrolysis to provide additional glucose for metabolism by plaque microorganisms in close proximity to the tooth surface. The resulting lactic acid produced may be added to the pool of acid in plaque to contribute to tooth demineralization.

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Section: Role Of A-amylase In Dental Cariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary α-Amylase: Role in Dental Plaque and Caries Formation

Scannapieco

Torres

Levine

1993

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

236

163

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“…mutans (BRATI~IALL, 1970) was used for the develooment of the medium. These were strains AHT (ZINNER et al, 1965), FA-1 (FITZGERALD et al, 1966), NCTC 10449 (EDWARDSSON, 1968), SL-1 (FITZGERALD and JORDAN, 1968) and B2 (EDWARDSSON, 1968). In addition to the above Strep.…”

Section: Selective Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A selective medium for Streptococcus mutans

Gold¹,

Jordan²,

Houte³

1973

Archives of Oral Biology

869

497

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Summary-A selective medium was developed for the isolation of Streptococcus mutans from human dental plaque. Mitis-salivarius agar was modified by adding 0.2 units/ml bacitracin and by increasing the sucrose concentration to 20 per cent. At these concentrations, the selective agents allowed the undiminished recovery of Strep. mutans with maximum inhibition of the balance of the streptococcal flora normally encountered on this medium. Enterococci or yeasts were sometimes observed upon direct culturing of plaque samples from children with advanced dentinal lesions.

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“…Strain NCTC 10449 DNA is homologous with strain Ingbritt DNA (10). It was isolated from a decayed tooth (16).…”

Section: Streptococcus Mutans Clarke 1924 (8)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposal to Elevate the Subspecies of Streptococcus mutans to Species Status, Based on Their Molecular Composition

Coykendall

1977

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

169

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It is proposed to confer species rank to the genetically distinct streptococci that have been considered subspecies of Streptococcus mutans Clarke: S . mutans subsp. rattus Coykendall, S. mutans subsp. cricetus Coykendall, and S . mutans subsp. sobrinus Coykendall. S , mutans is defined to exclude phenotypically similar bacteria that have deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) guanine plup Oytosine contents appreciably different from 36 to 38 mol% and/or that do not demonstrate DNA base-sequence homology with the type strain. Streptococci that resemble S. mutans but that are quite disparate in molecular constitution are here regarded as comprising four new species: S. rattus (Coykendall) Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) hybridization differences in lactate dehydrogenases among (32) and the analysis of enzymes by serological three of the genospecies in respect to the enand electrophoretic methods have provided new zyme's kinetic response to pyruvate (5). He also approaches to bacterial taxonomy and fostered demonstrated electrophoretic differences in a molecular concept of species (27, 34). Thus, mannitol-and sorbitol-1-phosphate dehydroone may now define a species as a bacterium genases (4). Using serological methods, London that has a unique overall sequence of nucleo-found that aldolases of "S. mutans" were hetertide bases in its chromosome and a complement ogeneous and concluded that "S. mutans" inof enzymes characteristic of that species. Put cluded "divergent groups" of organisms (26). simply, we expect members of a species to not Heterogeneity has also been observed in polyonly "look alike" and "act alike," but also to be saccharide-synthesizing enzymes (7, 28) and in constructed of, and controlled by, molecules invertase (J. M. Tamer et al., J. Dent. Res., vol that are alike. Thus, members of a species 54, special issue A; Abstr. 53rd Gen. Session should be molecularly homologous. Bacteria Inter. Assoc. Dent. Res., 1975). S. mutans genthat are molecularly disparate should not be ospecies correlate well with the serological called by the same species name. groups described by Bratthall (2). Additional Some organisms reported to resemble Strep-serogroups found by Perch et al. (30) seem to tococcus mutans Clarke 1924 (8) are phenotypi-represent variants within the genospecies (12). cally quite similar (6,16,17,30) but are molecu-Differences have been observed in cell wall carlarly heterogeneous. Analysis of their DNA bohydrates among some genospecies (24), and base-sequence similarities has shown the exist-some morphological differences have been reence of four genetic groups (ll), which we call ported (13). "genospecies," a term introduced by Ravin (31).It is clear that "S. mutans" is actually a DNA from strains within each genospecies hy-group of streptococci, but, because of the overall bridized almost completely, but DNA from biochemical similarity of all S. mutans strains, strains of different genospecies hybridized it was proposed to conserve the nomenspecies poorly (10,ll). Furthermore, intergroup hybrid "Streptoc...

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Characteristics of caries-inducing human streptococci resembling Streptococcus mutans

Cited by 217 publications

References 15 publications

Salivary α-Amylase: Role in Dental Plaque and Caries Formation

Salivary α-Amylase: Role in Dental Plaque and Caries Formation

A selective medium for Streptococcus mutans

Proposal to Elevate the Subspecies of Streptococcus mutans to Species Status, Based on Their Molecular Composition

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