Characteristics of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and particulate matter concentrations in high-rise and manure-belt layer hen houses

Ni, Ji‐Qin; Chai, Lilong; Chen, Lide; Bogan, Bill W.; Wang, Kaiying; Cortus, Erin L.; Heber, Albert J.; Lim, Teng Teeh; Diehl, Claude A.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.04.023

Cited by 63 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Hydrogen sulfide concentrations were below the detection limit of the gas analyzer. This agreed with other field studies, which demonstrated that H 2 S concentrations and emissions at high-rise layer hen houses were very low compared with commercial pig buildings (Ni et al, 2012(Ni et al, , 2017. Therefore, H 2 S concentrations and releases between control and treated reactors could not be compared in this study.…”

Section: Data Overviewsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…The NH 3 concentrations measured in two of the 250,000-hen high-rise layer hen houses at the farm averaged 34 ppm in a 380-d long continuous measurement campaign with the maximum daily average of 108 ppm (Heber et al, 2005). However, the average reactor mean NH 3 concentrations were close to the maximum daily mean NH 3 concentrations, which were 176 and 182 ppm, in two other reported high-rise layer hen houses (Ni et al, 2012), showing at least some similarities between the laboratory and field conditions.…”

Section: Ammonia Concentration and Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Laboratory Evaluation of a Manure Additive for Mitigating Gas and Odor Releases from Layer Hen Manure

Heber

Lim

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Manure additives are widely used to mitigate gas and odor emissions from manure or improve manure properties. However, the reported effectiveness of some manure additive products has been mixed and most of the studies on poultry manure have been on chemical additives. A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate an enzyme-based commercial manure additive for its potential reductions of ammonia (NH 3 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), and odor releases from layer hen manure. Eight 122-cm tall and 38-cm diameter reactors, four treated with the additive and four control, were studied for 38 days with manure from commercial layer hen houses. The reactors were initially filled with 66-cm height manure followed by weekly additions of 5 cm each. Ventilation air was supplied to the reactor headspace to simulate winter ventilation rates in layer hen houses. Concentrations of NH 3 , CO 2 , and H 2 S in the reactor exhaust air were measured with gas analyzers for 10 minutes, six times daily. Odor intensity was assessed by a trained odor panel. Openheadspace tests were also conducted to corroborate the observations in the reactor study. Study results showed that the average 4-reactor group mean release rates ± standard deviations of NH 3 were 17.5 ± 14.3 and 20.1 ± 12.6 µg s -1 from the control and treated groups, respectively. Those of CO 2 were 1091 ± 149 µg s -1 from the control and 1143 ± 217 µg s -1 from the treated groups. Release of H 2 S from the reactors could not be detected. The odor intensities were 3.5 ± 0.3 and 3.4 ± 0.3 before and after the additive spray, respectively. Application of the additive onto the manure did not demonstrate an effect on the releases of NH 3 (P = 0.41), CO 2 (P > 0.23), and odor (P > 0.71).

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Section: Data Overviewsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Ammonia Concentration and Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Evaluation of a Manure Additive for Mitigating Gas and Odor Releases from Layer Hen Manure

Heber

Lim

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…temperature, humidity) (Navaratnasamy and Feddes 2004;Nimmermark and Gustafsson 2005;Angel et al 2008;Modini et al 2010;Mostafa and Buescher 2011;Xin et al 2011;Costa et al 2012;Ni et al 2012a). The interaction of these many factors creates challenges for measuring 'typical' emission rates, and also for comparing odour emission rates from discrete studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Odour, dust and non-methane volatile organic-compound emissions from tunnel-ventilated layer-chicken sheds: a case study of two farms

Dunlop

Ristovski

Gallagher³

et al. 2013

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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Abstract. An observational study was undertaken to measure odour and dust (PM 10 and PM 2.5 ) emission rates and identify non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) and odorants in the exhaust air from two tunnel-ventilated layer-chicken sheds that were configured with multi-tiered cages and manure belts. The study sites were located in southeastern Queensland and the West Gippsland region of Victoria, Australia. Samples were collected in summer and winter on sequential days across the manure-belt cleaning cycle. Odour emissions ranged from 58 to 512 ou/s per 1000 birds (0.03-0.27 ou/s.kg) and dust emission rates ranged 0.014-0.184 mg/s per 1000 birds for PM 10 and 0.001-0.190 mg/s per 1000 birds for PM 2.5 . Twenty NMVOCs were identified, including three that were also identified as odorants using thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/olfactometry analysis. Odour emission rates were observed to vary with the amount of manure accumulation on the manure belts, being lowest 2-4 days after removing manure. Odour emission rates were also observed to vary with diurnal and seasonal changes in ventilation rate. Dust emissions were observed to increase with ventilation rate but not with manure accumulation. Some NMVOCs were identified at both farms and in different seasons whereas others were observed only at one farm or in one season, indicating that odorant composition was influenced by farm-specific practices and season.

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“…Li et al, 2011;Ni et al, 2012). and furthermore used the Thermo Scientific FH 62 C14 beta-attenuation monitor to measure inlet concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate matter emission from livestock houses: measurement methods, emission levels and abatement systems

Winkel

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Characteristics of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and particulate matter concentrations in high-rise and manure-belt layer hen houses

Cited by 63 publications

References 23 publications

Laboratory Evaluation of a Manure Additive for Mitigating Gas and Odor Releases from Layer Hen Manure

Laboratory Evaluation of a Manure Additive for Mitigating Gas and Odor Releases from Layer Hen Manure

Odour, dust and non-methane volatile organic-compound emissions from tunnel-ventilated layer-chicken sheds: a case study of two farms

Particulate matter emission from livestock houses: measurement methods, emission levels and abatement systems

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