Characteristics of a rat model of an open craniocerebral injury at simulated high altitude

Abstract

To establish a rat model of an open craniocerebral injury at simulated high altitude and to examine the characteristics of this model. Rats were divided randomly into a normobaric group and a high-altitude group and their corresponding control groups. A rat model of an open craniocerebral injury was established with a nail gun shot. Simulated high-altitude conditions were established with a hypobaric chamber at 0.6 ATA to mimic pressure at an altitude of 4000 m. Mortality, brain water content (BWC), Evans blue content, pathology, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), partial pressure of brain tissue oxygen (PbtO2), and brainstem auditory-evoked potential were observed after injury. The mortality of the high-altitude group was significantly greater than that of the normobaric group within 72 h after injury (P<0.05). BWC and Evans blue content increased by 48 h after injury (P<0.05); pathological changes in damaged brains were more serious. In contrast, rCBF and PbtO2 had decreased markedly by 72 h (P<0.01); brainstem auditory-evoked potential values were significantly prolonged (P<0.05). Moreover, an inverse correlation between rCBF and BWC and a positive correlation between rCBF and PbtO2 were found. The rat model of an open craniocerebral injury at simulated high altitude can be established successfully using a nail gun shot and a hypobaric chamber. The injury characteristics at high altitude were more serious, rapid, and prolonged than those in the normobaric group.

The impact of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on neovascularisation in rats with brain injury

“…The incidence of craniocerebral injury (CI) is high, and its pathological changes can be divided into primary injury and secondary injury [22,23]; the former is neuronal damage directly caused by external vio-lence, while the latter is caused by a variety of factors, and thus its pathophysiological responses are very complex [7,19], making CI one of the main causes of human disability and death. Presently, there are a variety of treatment methods against secondary injury, which can reduce mortality and improve prog-nosis, but many patients still suffer from neurological dysfunction and life-long disability, causing a heavy burden to individuals, their families, and societies.…”

Hemoglobin Concentration May Affect the Effect of Atorvastin on Chronic Subdural Hematoma After Burr-Hole Drainage at High Altitude

“…It has been speculated that the incidence of CSDH should be relatively high at high altitudes. In addition, brain injury is more serious, and neurological recovery is poor at high altitudes (Yu et al, 2014;Zhu et al, 2015;Wei et al, 2016Wei et al, , 2020. However, while we could not evaluate the prognosis of CSDH at high altitudes compared with low altitudes, our analysis showed that there was no difference in the CSDH volume or MGSS between the control group and the atorvastatin group on 1 day, 1, 2, and 3 months after the operation.…”

The Effect of Hemoglobin Concentration on Hyperbaric Oxygen and Non-hyperbaric Oxygen in the Treatment of Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage After Operation at the High Altitude

“…HBO therapy has demonstrated a good effect on postoperative HICH at low altitudes. However, the hemoglobin concentration increases at high altitudes, and the pathophysiology is different from that at low altitudes (Yu et al, 2014;Cavalcante and Ormond, 2018). HBO treatment can transport oxygen to hypoxic tissue through higher-thannormal atmospheric pressure, reduce brain edema, improve oxygen diffusion ability and ameliorate nerve cell function (Wu et al, 2018).…”

“…Due to the lack of oxygen in high-altitude areas, functional recovery after cerebral hemorrhage is poor ( Zhu et al, 2015 ; Wei et al, 2019 ). Studies have in particular shown, that there is decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) after craniocerebral injury at high altitudes ( Yu et al, 2014 ). At present, an effective method to improve self-reliance after cerebral hemorrhage is lacking.…”