Characteristics of a case-series of COVID-19 reinfection and its trend from 2020 to June 2022 in a general medicine office in Toledo, Spain

Abstract

Background: Longitudinal data on SARS-CoV-2 re-infection are scarce.Objectives: 1) Characterize COVID-19 reinfection cases clinically and epidemiologically; 2) Determine whether the risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection has altered over time in the context of the development of beta, delta, and omicron variants.

SARS–CoV–2 Reinfections as Compared with Primary Infections in Vaccinated People. Are there Clinical–Epidemiological Differences of Importance for Health Interventions between First Infection and Reinfection in Vaccinated People?

“…1) A study of COVID-19 reinfection cases with vaccine (1, 2 or 3 doses) from 2021 to June 2022 [7,8]. 2) A set of studies of COVID-19 primary infections in vaccinated people (1, 2 or 3 doses) from 2021 to June 2022 [9][10][11].…”

“…The GPs in Spain work within the National Health System, which is public in nature, and are the gateway for all patients to the system, and each person is assigned a GP [12]. The methodology of both studies has been previously published [7][8][9][10][11]. This methodology will only be partially mentioned here, to avoid repetition.…”

Does the Booster Vaccination Provide Advantages to Prevent Reinfection Over 1 or 2 Doses of COVID–19 Vaccine?

“…The data sources and methods for this study were described previously [24][25][26][27]. In the current study, a larger series of reinfection cases is included, with a longer follow-up time from March 2020 to September 1, 2022, but the methodology remained unchanged from previous published studies.…”

COVID-19 Reinfection without Vaccination Vs. with Vaccine: They are not Differentiated by Biological Factors, but by Psycho-Social Variables

“…The GPs in Spain work within the National Health System, which is public in nature, and are the gateway for all patients to the system, and each person is assigned a GP [12]. The descriptive results of the COVID-19 reinfections case series which are presented here, as well as the incidence and risk factors from the same case series, have already been published [13,14].…”

“…The diagnostic criteria for COVID-19, the definitions of vaccination with 1, 2 or 3 doses (booster) have been previously published for this study [13,14].…”