Characteristics and properties of Cr N compound layer produced by plasma nitriding of Cr-electroplated of AISI 304 stainless steel

Shen, Hongyu; Wang, Liang; Sun, Juncai

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.125450

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Similar preferred orientation ℃ of Cr 2 N layers has been reported in Ref. [25]; the reason might be that the texture of the coatings is affected by the nature of different species, impinging on the growing film, the energy, and the substrate temperature [35]. However the specific mechanisms are not completely clear.…”

Section: Microstructure and Phase Compositionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…As reported, Cr x N coatings are usually deposited by the magnetron sputtering method, e.g., Obrosov et al [23] deposited Cr x N coatings on the Inconel 718 superalloy, and Sidelev et al [24] fabricated multilayer CrN/Cr coatings on Zr alloy to improve its oxidation resistance. Shen et al [25] successfully obtained Cr x N coatings through plasma nitriding of Cr electroplated on 304 stainless steel. Compared with the metal oxides, Cr x N is emerging as a new type of hydrogen permeation barrier with attractive performance [26][27][28].…”

Section: Introduction mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Layer-structured Cr/CrxN coating via electroplating-based nitridation achieving high deuterium resistance as the hydrogen permeation barrier

Zheng

Zhou

et al. 2022

J Adv Ceram

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Hydrogen isotope permeation through structural materials is a key issue for developing nuclear fusion energy, which will cause fuel loss and radioactive pollution. Developing ceramic coatings with high thermal shock and hydrogen resistance is an effective strategy to solve this issue. In this work, a layer-structured Cr/CrxN coating was successfully fabricated by a facile electroplating-based nitridation technique, which is easy, facile, and applicable to coating complex-shaped substrates. The Cr/CrxN coating, composed of a bottom Fe/Cr interdiffusion zone, a middle Cr layer, and a top CrxN layer, exhibits high bonding strength, high anti-thermal-shock ability, and high deuterium permeation resistance. Its bonding strength achieves 43.6 MPa. The Cr/CrxN coating remains intact even after suffering 300 thermal shock cycles under a 600 °C-water condition. Through optimizing the nitridation temperature, the Cr/CrxN coating achieves a deuterium permeation reduction factor (PRF) as high as 3599 at 500 °C. Considering its scalable fabrication technique and considerable properties, the developed Cr/CrxN coating may serve as a novel high-performance hydrogen permeation barrier in various fields.

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Section: Microstructure and Phase Compositionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Introduction mentioning

confidence: 99%

Layer-structured Cr/CrxN coating via electroplating-based nitridation achieving high deuterium resistance as the hydrogen permeation barrier

Zheng

Zhou

et al. 2022

J Adv Ceram

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“…During this denitriding process, the γ N phase can decompose and release chromium and nitrogen species, leading to the precipitation of the CrN phase and the formation of the α phase (γ N → α + CrN), as shown in Figure 2a. It should be emphasized that the CrN formation was favored due to the high negative enthalpy and low Cr diffusivity (high diffusion activation energy) in the matrix phase at temperatures higher than 450 • C [13,18].…”

Section: Phase Formation Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the hardness of the γ N phase is able to reach over 1200 HV depending on the amount of diffused nitrogen in its structure [21]. Moreover, γ , ε, and α phases, as such CrN and Cr 2 N precipitates, can reach hardness around 2000 HV [18]. Therefore, the fluctuations in microhardness measurements can be attributed to the distribution of brittle phases (γ and ε in compound layer) and nitrides (Cr 1-2 N in diffusion layer) in the nitride layers.…”

Section: Microhardness and Microstructural Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Characterization of Ion Nitrided 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel: Influence of Treatment Temperature and Time

Gokcekaya

Ergun

Gülmez

et al. 2022

Metals

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The ion nitriding behavior of AISI 316L austenite stainless steel was investigated at different nitriding times (2 h, 4 h, and 9 h) and temperatures (450 °C, 500 °C, and 550 °C). The structural characterization has been assessed by several considerations which can be listed: (i) the evaluation of phase distribution through Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns and accompanying peak fitting process, (ii) hardness profile and related nitride layer thickness by microhardness and microscopic measurements, and (iii) displacement measurements to assess the residual stress accumulation. The diffusion of nitrogen atomic species into the sample surface caused a transformation of the γ phase matrix into an expanded austenite (γN) phase, which is recognized with its high hardness and wear resistance. Furthermore, depending on the nitriding condition, chromium nitride (Cr1-2N) and iron nitride (ε-Fe2-3N and γ′-Fe4N) phases were detected, which can be detrimental to the corrosion resistance of the 316L austenite stainless steel. The γN phase was observed in all nitriding conditions, resulting in a significant increase in the surface hardness. However, decomposition of the γN phase with an increase in nitriding temperature eventually altered the surface hardness distribution in the nitriding layer. Considering the phase-type and distribution with the consequent hardness characteristics in the nitride layer, to our best knowledge, this is the first report in which an ion-nitriding temperature of 500 °C (higher than 450 °C) and time of 9 h can be proposed as ideal processing parameters leading to optimal phase composition and hardness distribution for 316L austenite stainless steels particularly for the applications requiring a combination of both wear and corrosion resistance.

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“…The more complex CrN x coating has a finer structure that better eliminates porosity, oxygen diffusion, and uneven corrosion attack [90]. The Cr-N layer produced by plasma nitriding of Cr-electroplated AISI 304 is composed mainly of Cr 2 N. Due to the good electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance of Cr 2 N, ICR values met DOE targets, even after a 4-h potentiostatic test, with only a slight increase (from 4 to 4.5 mΩcm 2 ) and met DOE requirements in the case of current densities [94]. A thin coating can benefit from high toughness and deformability, saving on deposition time, but has higher demands in terms of quality and process control.…”

Section: Surface Treatments Based On Nitridesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallic Material Selection and Prospective Surface Treatments for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Bipolar Plates—A Review

2021

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The aim of this review is to summarize the possibilities of replacing graphite bipolar plates in fuel-cells. The review is mostly focused on metallic bipolar plates, which benefit from many properties required for fuel cells, viz. good mechanical properties, thermal and electrical conductivity, availability, and others. The main disadvantage of metals is that their corrosion resistance in the fuel-cell environment originates from the formation of a passive layer, which significantly increases interfacial contact resistance. Suitable coating systems prepared by a proper deposition method are eventually able to compensate for this disadvantage and make the replacement of graphite bipolar plates possible. This review compares coatings, materials, and deposition methods based on electrochemical measurements and contact resistance properties with respect to achieving appropriate parameters established by the DOE as objectives for 2020. An extraordinary number of studies have been performed, but only a minority of them provided promising results. One of these is the nanocrystalline β-Nb2N coating on AISI 430, prepared by the disproportionation reaction of Nb(IV) in molten salt, which satisfied the DOE 2020 objectives in terms of corrosion resistance and interfacial contact resistance. From other studies, TiN, CrN, NbC, TiC, or amorphous carbon-based coatings seem to be promising. This paper is novel in extracting important aspects for future studies and methods for testing the properties of metallic materials and factors affecting monitoring characteristics and parameters.

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Characteristics and properties of Cr N compound layer produced by plasma nitriding of Cr-electroplated of AISI 304 stainless steel

Cited by 17 publications

References 38 publications

Layer-structured Cr/CrxN coating via electroplating-based nitridation achieving high deuterium resistance as the hydrogen permeation barrier

Layer-structured Cr/CrxN coating via electroplating-based nitridation achieving high deuterium resistance as the hydrogen permeation barrier

Structural Characterization of Ion Nitrided 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel: Influence of Treatment Temperature and Time

Metallic Material Selection and Prospective Surface Treatments for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Bipolar Plates—A Review

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