Characteristics and major sources of carbonaceous aerosols in PM 2.5 from Sanya, China

Characterization of parent and oxygenated-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Xi’an, China during heating period: An investigation of spatial distribution and transformation

“…The sum of quantified PAHs ranged from 23.5 to 574.3 ng/m 3 with an average of 196.5 ng/m 3 . The concentrations were comparable with the data recorded in Xi'an, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Qingdao (Feng et al, 2006;Wang et al, 2008;Guo et al, 2009;Wei et al, 2015a), but much higher than other areas being governed by better emission control (e.g., Hong Kong) or less influenced by local or regional pollution such as Sanya and Tibetan Plateau (Chen et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2015a). The average level was also higher than that in most developing countries (Tham et al, 2008;Andreou and Rapsomanikis, 2009;Li et al, 2009;Wingfors et al, 2011).…”

“…Organic species (including twenty-five parent-and alkyl-PAHs, three OPAHs, eight hopanes and nine cholestanes) in the filter samples were quantified using in-injection port thermal desorption (TD) coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/ MS) (Ho and Yu, 2004;Ho et al, 2008Ho et al, , 2011Wang et al, 2015a;. Without sample pretreatment, it minimizes potential contaminations and offers lower detection limits, that has been used as an alternative method of traditional solvent extraction followed by GC/MS detection (Bi et al, 2008;Wang et al, 2015b).…”

“…Previous studies which used the same procedures as in this study have detailed the QA/QC procedures (Ho et al, 2011;Cao et al, 2013;Xu et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2015a), that concluded the sampling and analysis. In brief, the aerosol sampler was checked and calibrated regularly during the sampling periods, and the field blank filters were collected to correct for backgrounds.…”

Emission Characteristics and Control Prospects of Primary PM2.5 from Fossil Fuel Power Plants in China

“…According to recent studies, carbonaceous components account for 17.0%-40.0% of the mass concentration of PM 2.5 in aerosols (Wang et al, 2010b;Dong et al, 2013). OC and EC can affect the optical properties of the atmosphere through scattering and absorption and can significantly affect atmospheric visibility, radiation balance of the earth-atmosphere system, and climate change (Watson, 2002;Yang et al, 2010).…”

Fine carbonaceous aerosol characteristics at a megacity during the Chinese Spring Festival as given by OC/EC online measurements

“…The mean concentration of thermal EC (3.4 μg/m 3 ) was higher during the CSFP than that of Shanghai (2.36 μg/m 3 ), East China Sea (1.3 μg/m 3 ), Sanya (1.3 μg/m 3 ), Amsterdam (1.7 μg/m 3 ) and Barcelona (2.6 μg/m 3 ) in winter, lower than that of Jinan (5.38-6.27 μg/m 3 ), Chengdu (4.7 μg/m 3 ) and Chongqing (4.3 μg/m 3 ) in winter Gu et al, 2014;Viana et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2015aWang et al, , 2015cZhao et al, 2015a). Overall, the concentrations of thermal OC and thermal EC in winter for different cities or locations showed significantly differences, indicating that source categories, constitutions and emissions, or meteorological conditions existed significantly differences in different cities or locations.…”