Fine carbonaceous aerosol characteristics at a megacity during the Chinese Spring Festival as given by OC/EC online measurements

Liu, Baoshuang; Bi, Xinhui; Feng, Yinchang; Dai, Qili; Xiao, Zhimei; Li, Liwei; Wu, Jianhui; Yuan, Jing; Zhang, Yufen

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.06.007

Cited by 35 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…We review the impact of this celebration across Greater China and see 2015 as an exemplar of the types of changes that may be underway. Evidence of aerosols from fireworks were found from aerosol characteristics in Xinxiang (Feng et al 2016 ) and Tianjin (Liu et al 2016 ) during the celebrations of 2015. It also places earlier work into perspective and allows us to consider of the role of regulatory activities in the face of the social norms of China’s culture of Nian when mythology justifies the use of fireworks to frighten evil spirits (Chao et al 2014 ; Ye et al 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory effects on particulate pollution in the early hours of Chinese New Year, 2015

Lai

Brimblecombe

2017

Environ Monit Assess

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Human activities are a key driver of air pollution, so it is hardly surprising that celebrations affect air quality. The use of fireworks contributes to high particulate concentrations in many parts of the world, with the Chinese Lunar New Year (spring festival) particularly noticeable, as firecrackers are traditionally used to drive off evil spirits. Fireworks lead to short-term peaks in the concentration of PM10, PM2.5 and SO2. Regulatory actions that restrict the use of fireworks have been evident in China since the 1990s. This paper investigates the particulate concentrations in nine Chinese cities (Beijing, Chengdu, Chongqing, Tianjin, Xi’an, Nanjing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, along with Hong Kong (a Special Administrative Region) and Taipei and Kaohsiung (Taiwan) with a particular focus on the celebrations of 2015. Extremely high concentrations of particulate matter were observed, with some sites revealing peak PM10 concentrations in excess of 1000 μg m−3 in the early hours of the New Year. In Beijing, Tianjin and Chongqing, the activities caused high particulate matter concentrations at most sites throughout the city. These peaks in particulate load in the early hours of Chinese New Year do not appear to be closely related to meteorological parameters. However, in cities where fireworks appear to be better regulated, there are fewer sharp pollution peaks just after midnight, although lowered air quality can still be found in the outer parts of some cities, remote from regulatory pressures. A few cities seem to have been effective at reducing the impact of the celebrations on air quality, with Nanjing a recent example. An increasing focus on light displays and electric lanterns also seems to offer a sense of celebration with much reduced impacts on air quality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory effects on particulate pollution in the early hours of Chinese New Year, 2015

Lai

Brimblecombe

2017

Environ Monit Assess

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“…Carbonaceous species such as organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC) represent a large fraction of PM and play an important role in the formation of haze, interaction with climate and adverse human health effects (Bisht et al, 2015;Liu et al, 2016;Seinfeld and Pandis, 2006). Water-soluble ions (WSIs) account for another major fraction of aerosols in urban areas and are able to affect visibility, particle hygroscopicity and cloud formation; they also influence acidity in rainwater and impact climate (Cheng et al, 2011;Jung et al, 2009;Khoder and Hassan, 2008;Tan et al, 2009;Tang et al, 2016;Yang et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo: 1-year investigation for the chemical composition and source apportionment

et al. 2017

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Abstract. São Paulo in Brazil has relatively relaxed regulations for ambient air pollution standards and often experiences high air pollution levels due to emissions of particulate pollutants from local sources and long-range transport of air masses impacted by biomass burning. In order to evaluate the sources of particulate air pollution and related health risks, a year-round sampling was done at the University of São Paulo campus (20 m a.g.l.), a green area near an important expressway. The sampling was performed for PM 2.5 (≤ 2.5 µm) and PM 10 (≤ 10 µm) in 2014 through intensive (everyday sampling in wintertime) and extensive campaigns (once a week for the whole year) with 24 h of sampling. This year was characterized by having lower average precipitation compared to meteorological data, and high-pollution episodes were observed all year round, with a significant increase in pollution level in the intensive campaign, which was performed during wintertime. Different chemical constituents, such as carbonaceous species, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and derivatives, water-soluble ions, and biomass burning tracers were identified in order to evaluate health risks and to apportion sources. The species such as PAHs, inorganic and organic ions, and monosaccharides were determined using chromatographic techniques and carbonaceous species using thermal-optical analysis. Trace elements were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The risks associated with particulate matter exposure based on PAH concentrations were also assessed, along with indexes such as the benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaPE) and lung cancer risk (LCR). High BaPE and LCR were observed in most of the samples, rising to critical values in the wintertime. Also, biomass burning tracers and PAHs were higher in this season, while secondarily formed ions presented low variation throughout the year. Meanwhile, vehicular tracer species were also higher in the intensive campaign, suggesting the influence of lower dispersion conditions in that period. Source apportionment was performed using positive matrix factorization (PMF), which indicated five different factors: road dust, industrial emissions, vehicuPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 11944 G. M. Pereira et al.: Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo lar exhaust, biomass burning and secondary processes. The results highlighted the contribution of vehicular emissions and the significant input from biomass combustion in wintertime, suggesting that most of the particulate matter is due to local sources, in addition to the influence of pre-harvest sugarcane burning.

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“…In addition, the large amounts of organic carbon, elemental carbon, inorganic ions and heavy metals in the particulate matter can directly or indirectly influence the solar radiation, thereby altering the radiation balance and photochemical properties of the atmosphere. These changes, in turn, lead to atmospheric haze, severely impacting the environment and human health [11][12][13][14]. Since the issuing of emission standards of air pollutants for crematories in 2015, certain crematories have set up special incinerators for sacrificial offerings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions Characteristics of Hazardous Air Pollutants from the Incineration of Sacrificial Offerings

et al. 2019

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The incineration of sacrificial offerings generates numerous hazardous air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), CO, SO2, NOx and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), which has significant effects on the environment and human health. However, due to the concealment of sacrificial offerings incineration, the emission of such pollutants has not received sufficient attention. Relevant quantification of the emission, emission factors and pollution control measures for this pollution source are lacking. To address these problems, herein, we quantified the particulate matter and its chemical composition and the emission levels of gaseous pollutants, including SO2, NOx, NMHC and CO, by performing incineration experiments of four typical sacrificial offerings (Joss paper, Funeral wreath, Taoist paper art and Yuanbao paper), and obtained the emission factors and emission characteristics for the incineration of sacrificial offerings. Therefore, this study lays the foundation and provides support for establishing an emission inventory of the air pollutants from the incineration of sacrificial offerings and introducing corresponding pollution control measures. The results show that the emission concentrations of CO and total suspended particulate (TSP) from the incineration of sacrificial offerings greatly exceed the emission standard, with averages of 621.4 mg m−3 and 142.9 mg m−3 at 11% oxygen content, respectively. The average emission factors of SO2, NOx, NMHC, CO, PM10 and PM2.5 for the incineration of the four offerings are (0.47 ± 0.17) kg t−1, (2.46 ± 0.35) kg t−1, (5.78 ± 2.41) kg t−1, (32.40 ± 8.80) kg t−1, (4.23 ± 0.71) kg t−1 and (2.62 ± 0.48) kg t−1, respectively, among which the emission intensities of NMHC and CO are relatively high. Among the different types of sacrificial offerings, the overall average emission factor of air pollutants generated from the incineration of Yuanbao paper is the highest, which is mainly due to the low burning efficiency and the coating material. For the chemical composition of the particulate matters, ions, OC, EC and metal elements account for proportions of the PM2.5 at (23.55 ± 10.37) %, (29.74 ± 9.95) %, (14.83 ± 6.55) % and (13.45 ± 4.88) %, respectively, indicating that the organic pollution is severe

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Fine carbonaceous aerosol characteristics at a megacity during the Chinese Spring Festival as given by OC/EC online measurements

Cited by 35 publications

References 69 publications

Regulatory effects on particulate pollution in the early hours of Chinese New Year, 2015

Regulatory effects on particulate pollution in the early hours of Chinese New Year, 2015

Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo: 1-year investigation for the chemical composition and source apportionment

Emissions Characteristics of Hazardous Air Pollutants from the Incineration of Sacrificial Offerings

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