Characteristic Features of Lapis Lazuli from Different Provenances, Revised by µXRF, ESEM, PGAA and PIXE

Abstract

The objective of this study is to find out, to what extent the geochemical characteristics of lapis lazuli can be utilized in respect to its provenance. A wide range of variables is taken into consideration depending on the quantity of samples analysed from a specific geological region and the methods applied. In order to provide evidence, a multi-technique analytical approach using µXRF, ESEM, PGAA and PIXE is applied to samples from the most famous deposits of lapis lazuli. Special elements determined as fingerprints are compared in relation to the forming conditions obvious in textural features. The results and statistical output allow a differentiation that enables an optimized local classification of the blue stone. An absolute requirement for all geo-tracing performed on blue colored cultural objects of unknown provenance is awareness of the limits of analysis. The possible sources of lapis lazuli are tested by analysing the blue pigment used as paint on murals and ink on manuscripts from the Silk Road.

Minero‐chemical and provenance analysis of Achaemenian lapis lazuli cylinders from Persepolis

“…Nevertheless, available data from some provenances and outcrops provide useful information for comparative studies. A study of one of the most famous lapis lazuli deposits in Badakhshan, known as Sare Sang (Sar‐e Sang), shows the occurrence of different minerals of the feldspathoids (scapolite and sodalite groups), including lazurite (as the main phase) with sodalite, hauyne, afghanite and phlogopite (Faryad, 2002; Favaro et al, 2012; Nöller et al, 2019; Wyart et al, 1981).…”

Lapis Lazuli Particles on the Turin Shroud: Microscopic Optical Studies and SEM-EDX Analyses

“…Micro-PIXE characterisation of lapis lazuli for a provenance study was realized (Re et al, 2011). The lapis lazuli pigment is common long the Silk Road in wall in wall paint and blue ink for decorative writing (Nöller et al, 2019).…”