Characterising the loading direction sensitivity of 3D woven composites: Effect of z-binder architecture

Saleh, Mohamed Nasr; Yudhanto, Arief; Potluri, Prasad; Lubineau, Gilles; Soutis, C.

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.08.028

Cited by 101 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…It is clear that the maximum stress is approximately 1.6 when the external applied load on the boundary is unity. The same concept has been observed experimentally, on the meso-scale, for 3D woven composites loaded in tension using image correlation [41]. This could justify why micro-fibril breakage is detected by AE event even when the applied global stress/strain is way below the ultimate strength or failure strain of fibres on the microscale or on the mesoscale.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

Transverse Crack Detection in 3D Angle Interlock Glass Fibre Composites Using Acoustic Emission

2016

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In addition to manufacturing cost and production rates, damage resistance has become a major issue for the composites industry. Three-dimensional (3D) woven composites have superior through-thickness properties compared to two-dimensional (2D) laminates, for example, improved impact damage resistance, high interlaminar fracture toughness and reduced notch sensitivity. The performance of 3D woven preforms is dependent on the fabric architecture, which is determined by the binding pattern. For this study, angle interlock (AI) structures with through-thickness binding were manufactured. The AI cracking simulation shows that the transverse component is the one that leads to transverse matrix cracking in the weft yarn under tensile loading. Monitoring of acoustic emission (AE) during mechanical loading is an effective tool in the study of damage processes in glass fiber-reinforced composites. Tests were performed with piezoelectric sensors bonded on a tensile specimen acting as passive receivers of AE signals. An experimental data has been generated which was useful to validate the multi-physics finite element method (MP-FEM), providing insight into the damage behaviour of novel 3D AI glass fibre composites. MP-FEM and experimental data showed that transverse crack generated a predominant flexural mode A0 and also a less energetic extensional mode S0.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

Transverse Crack Detection in 3D Angle Interlock Glass Fibre Composites Using Acoustic Emission

2016

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“…Moreover, the ORT architecture in the off-axis orientation, out of all the tested architectures, exhibited higher ultimate strength and strain to failure, as was the case for the un-notched specimens reported in (Saleh et al 2016b). The difference in the response for the ORT was attributed to the high density/frequency of the through-thickness binding which acted as crack stoppers for delamination and matrix cracking.…”

Section: Off-axismentioning

confidence: 75%

“…It is worth mentioning at this point that some of the work Lomov et al 2009;Saleh et al 2016b) discussing the on-axis testing has also investigated the offaxis biased loading of 3D woven composites as it will be detailed in the following section.…”

Section: On-axismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One recent paper by Saleh et al (Saleh et al 2016b) characterised the mechanical properties and the influence of the z-binder of three different architectures of 3D woven composites (ORT, LTL, AI) both in the on-axis and off-axis directions. In this study, resin film infusion (RFI) process (see Fig.…”

Section: On-axismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following this work, the study by (Saleh et al 2016b) has demonstrated the need to determine the loading direction sensitivity of various architectures of 3D woven composites subjected to warp, weft and bias loadings. The relationship between damage mechanisms and energy absorption up to failure was revealed.…”

Section: Off-axismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Recent advancements in mechanical characterisation of 3D woven composites

Saleh

Soutis

2017

Mech Adv Mater Mod Process

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Three dimensional (3D) woven composites have attracted the interest of academia and industry thanks to their damage tolerance characteristics and automated fabric manufacturing. Although much research has been conducted to investigate their out-of-plane "through thickness" properties, still their in-plane properties are not fully understood and rely on extensive experimentation. To date, the literature lacks an inclusive summary of the mechanical characterisation for 3D woven composites. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the available research studies on 3D woven composites mechanical characterisation, with less emphasis on the outof-plane response, but an in-depth review of the in-plane response "un-notched vs. notched". The paper highlights the knowledge gap in the literature of 3D woven composites, suggesting opportunities for future research in this field and a room for improvement in utilising Non-Destructive Techniques (NDT), such as Digital Image Correlation (DIC), Acoustic Emission (AE) and X-ray Computed Tomography (CT), for observing damage initiation and evolution in 3D woven composites that could be used to calibrate and evaluate analytical and numerical models.

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A comparison of fabric structures for carbon fiber reinforced composite: Laminated and orthogonal woven structures

Yang

Xiong

et al. 2021

Polymer Composites

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In this research, orthogonal structure carbon fiber reinforced composite was developed and its properties were compared with those of laminated structure composite. To solve the problem of yarn damage caused by friction during the weaving process, a custom-built weaving device was build up. Compression and vacuum-assisted resin infusion molding (VARIM) techniques were selected and compared. It was found that fiber geometries could be well retained using the later one. The orthogonal and laminated composites prepared by the VARIM technique with the fiber volume fraction were 32.76% and 38.64%, respectively. Flexure and impact tests were performed to evaluate the properties of laminated and orthogonal composites. The results show that orthogonal composite exhibits superior properties in the warp and weft directions. In addition, due to its straight yarn path and insertion of carbon fiber in the through-thickness direction, orthogonal fabric reinforced composite exhibits an improved bending strength over composites reinforced by laminated plain woven fabric, although the fiber volume fraction of orthogonal composite is much lower than that of laminated composite. The findings indicate that orthogonal structure composite provides profound guiding significance for product development and application of carbon fiber composite.

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Characterising the loading direction sensitivity of 3D woven composites: Effect of z-binder architecture

Cited by 101 publications

References 33 publications

Transverse Crack Detection in 3D Angle Interlock Glass Fibre Composites Using Acoustic Emission

Transverse Crack Detection in 3D Angle Interlock Glass Fibre Composites Using Acoustic Emission

Recent advancements in mechanical characterisation of 3D woven composites

A comparison of fabric structures for carbon fiber reinforced composite: Laminated and orthogonal woven structures

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