Characterisation of the surface topography, tomography and chemistry of fretting corrosion product found on retrieved polished femoral stems

Abstract

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Corrosion Damage and Wear Mechanisms in Long-Term Retrieved CoCr Femoral Components for Total Knee Arthroplasty

“…Although there is little in the literature on this damage in TKA, several studies have looked at damage at the cement mantle interface in THA. Recently Bryant et al [2] conducted a study on retrieved THA stems to characterize failure mechanisms, one being damage between the cement mantle and femoral stem. Initial spot energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis revealed debris collected on the cement particles with a Cr 2 O 3 composition.…”

“…There was no evidence of damage caused by the boiling procedure on these components. After boiling and sonication, the components were visually inspected for signs of corrosion, staining and discoloration [1, 2]. …”

“…The mechanisms of metal release in THA are primarily due to wear, electrochemical dissolution, or a combination of the two processes [1]. The CoCr alloys used in orthopaedic devices rely on the formation of a passive film to prevent degradation of the alloy [2, 3] and the passive film is one of the key kinetic barriers preventing implant corrosion [1]. These films form and reform spontaneously on the metal surface, however they are only effective if they can withstand fracture or abrasion caused by fretting, micro motion, applied stress, or if the films are exposed to conditions in which they can rapidly reform [1].…”

“…The mechanisms of metal debris generation in TKA include: mechanically assisted crevice corrosion (MACC) of modular tapers [5], direct inflammatory cell induced corrosion (ICIC) [6], degradation at the backside interface with the bone cement layer [1, 2], scratching due to third body debris (e.g. bone cement particles or metallic debris) [7, 8], or complete wear-through of the polyethylene tibial insert and subsequent metal-on-metal wear between the femoral condyle and tibial baseplate.…”

What is the Trouble With Trunnions?

“…There are both solid and soluble products of corrosion that are variable in size [28]. Regardless of whether the headneck couple consists of cobalt alloy and cobalt alloy, cobalt alloy and titanium alloy, or alumina ceramic and cobalt alloy, the principal solid tribocorrosion product is chromium-orthophosphate hydrate-rich material [8,21,24,26,40]. Solid deposits in local periprosthetic tissues have been described as irregularly shaped, green-to yellow-colored, and ranging in size from submicron to 400 lm, showing no birefringence under polarized light [24].…”