Characterisation of the acute phase response of heifers to a prolonged low dose infusion of lipopolysaccharide

Werling, Dirk; Sutter, F.; Arnold, Myrtha; Gao, Kun; Tooten, P. C. J.; Gruys, E.; Kreuzer, Michael; Langhans, Wolfgang

doi:10.1016/s0034-5288(96)90073-9

Cited by 79 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Thus the inflammatory response induced during low-grade fevers, as we produced during S. aureus infusion, may be insufficient to elicit the full suite of adaptive responses seen during more substantial infections (for example, when bolus injections of pyrogens are administered), thus dampening the expression of sickness behavior. However, even with elevated cytokine levels, Werling and colleagues (48) showed that food intake was not affected in heifers infused intravenously with lipopolysaccharide. In contrast to our findings and those of Werling et al (48), OЈReilly and colleagues (33) showed that feeding was reduced in rats infused intraperitoneally with lipopolysaccharide, even after the animals had become tolerant to the pyrogenic effects of the lipopolysaccharide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body temperature, behavior, and plasma cortisol changes induced by chronic infusion of Staphylococcus aureus in goats

Mphahlele¹,

Fuller²,

Roth³

et al. 2004

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Most experimentally induced fevers are acute, usually lasting ϳ6 -12 h, and thus do not mimic chronic natural fevers, which can extend over several days or more. To produce a model of chronic natural fever, we infused eight goats (Capra hircus) intravenously with 2 ml of 2 ϫ 10 11 cell walls of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) for 6 days using osmotic infusion pumps (10 l/h) while measuring changes in body temperature, behavior, and plasma cortisol concentration. Seven control animals were infused with sterile saline. Abdominal temperaturesensitive data loggers and osmotic infusion pumps were implanted under halothane anesthesia. To compare our new model with existing models of experimental fever, we also administered 2-ml bolus intravenous injections of 2 ϫ 10 11 S. aureus cell walls, 0.1 g/kg lipopolysaccharide (Escherichia coli, serotype 0111:B4), and sterile saline in random order to six other goats. Bolus injection of lipopolysaccharide and S. aureus induced typical acute phase responses, characterized by fevers lasting ϳ6 h, sickness behavior, and increased plasma cortisol concentration. Infusion of S. aureus evoked prolonged fevers, which lasted for ϳ3 days, starting on day 4 of infusion (ANOVA, P Ͻ 0.05), and did not disrupt the normal circadian rhythm of body temperature. However, pyrogen infusion did not cause plasma cortisol concentration to rise (ANOVA, P Ͼ 0.05) or the expression of sickness behavior. In conclusion, infusion of S. aureus produced a fever response resembling that of sustained natural fevers but did not elicit the cortisol and behavioral responses that often are described clinically and during short-term experimental fevers. osmotic infusion pumps; lipopolysaccharide; circadian rhythm THE ACUTE PHASE RESPONSE to one-time inoculations of low and moderate doses of lipopolysaccharide, a gram-negative bacterial pyrogen, is well characterized and typically includes fevers, which resolve within 6 -12 h and disrupt the circadian rhythm of body temperature, neuroendocrine changes such as increased glucocorticoid and cytokine secretion, and behavioral changes such as anorexia and lethargy (16,25,41,52). In contrast to the relatively consistent, but acute, character of experimentally induced fevers, fevers that occur naturally have a highly variable duration and temperature pattern. Natural fevers may last several hours to several weeks and be characterized by chronic elevation or cyclical febrile peaks of body temperature (8,20,31). Also, in the first complete characterization of a spontaneously occurring natural fever, we showed that the pattern of the circadian rhythm of body temperature of free-living antelope is maintained throughout prolonged febrile episodes, including the period of fever genesis and resolution (20). The dichotomous character of the febrile responses seen experimentally and naturally would suggest that the underlying mechanisms of these fevers might differ.Attempts to mimic the temperature changes observed during natural fevers in the laboratory have been hampered by th...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body temperature, behavior, and plasma cortisol changes induced by chronic infusion of Staphylococcus aureus in goats

Mphahlele¹,

Fuller²,

Roth³

et al. 2004

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…They act together through multiple, overlapping pathways and have local effects on the cells surrounding the site of injury in addition to systemic effects by transport via the blood stream to various target organs [14,170,181]. The serum concentration increases within a few hours after the initiating stimulus [73,83,184,185] and they are usually cleared from the circulation within a few hours [17,53,73,184].…”

Section: The Acute Phase Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of acute phase protein measurements in veterinary clinical chemistry

2004

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-The body's early defence in response to trauma, inflammation or infection, the acute phase response, is a complex set of systemic reactions seen shortly after exposure to a triggering event. One of the many components is an acute phase protein response in which increased hepatic synthesis leads to increased serum concentration of positive acute phase proteins. The serum concentration of these acute phase proteins returns to base levels when the triggering factor is no longer present. This paper provides a review of the acute phase proteins haptoglobin, C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A and their possible use as non-specific indicators of health in large animal veterinary medicine such as in the health status surveillance of pigs at the herd level, for the detection of mastitis in dairy cattle and for the prognosis of respiratory diseases in horses.

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“…In our study, the presented results showed in calves with clinical signs of omphalophlebitis, similarly to the calves with diarrhoea, more markedly higher mean concentration of SAA than in clinically healthy calves, but in the concentrations of Hp and Fbg we did not find marked differences between these two groups of calves. These findings might be a consequence of a different initiation of the production of various acute phase proteins, seeing that SAA is a more sensitive acute phase protein than Hp in cattle, with rapid increase in serum concentrations after the inflammatory stimulus (Werling et al, 1996). An opposite trend with more markedly higher mean concentrations of Hp and Fbg was observed in calves affected by multisystemic diseases, while the mean SAA concentration obtained in this group was only slightly higher compared with clinically healthy calves.…”

Section: Acute Phase Proteins In Calves Suffering From Various Inflammentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Therefore, the authors suggested that SAA is a better indicator for claw disorders than haptoglobin. Werling et al (1996) reported also that SAA is a more sensitive acute phase protein than Hp in cattle with rapid increase in serum concentrations after the inflammatory stimulus.…”

Section: Acute Phase Proteins In Heifers Affected By Hoof Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Acute Phase Proteins as Markers of Diseases in Farm Animals

Tóthová¹,

Nagy²,

Seidel³

et al. 2011

Acute Phase Proteins as Early Non-Specific Biomarkers of Human and Veterinary Diseases

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Characterisation of the acute phase response of heifers to a prolonged low dose infusion of lipopolysaccharide

Cited by 79 publications

References 25 publications

Body temperature, behavior, and plasma cortisol changes induced by chronic infusion of Staphylococcus aureus in goats

Body temperature, behavior, and plasma cortisol changes induced by chronic infusion of Staphylococcus aureus in goats

Application of acute phase protein measurements in veterinary clinical chemistry

Acute Phase Proteins as Markers of Diseases in Farm Animals

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