Characterisation of smallholder pig production in Kikuyu Division, central Kenya

Wabacha, JK; Maribei, J.M.; Mulei, CM; Kyule, M.N.; Zessin, Karl-Hans; Oluoch‐Kosura, Willis

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2004.02.007

Cited by 38 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Our samples are therefore not likely representative of many markets in Kenya which differ in population density, pig rearing systems, infrastructure and consumer demand. Central Kenya and markets around Nairobi for example are much higher density areas, pig-rearing is more intensive, transport conditions are different and commercial pork processors such as 'farmers choice' operate large facilities likely offer a greater marketing opportunity to farmers in those areas (FAO, 2012;Wabacha et al, 2004). Having livestock officers and village elders enumerate and enroll pig butchers likely made butchers feel compelled to participate in the study, and butchers may have been reluctant to discuss some aspects of their business as a result.…”

Section: Study Limitations and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Pig Industry Act outlines the regulations for selling live pigs, the licenses required to slaughter pigs and the conditions upon which a pig butcher can sell pork (Anonymous, 2006). Although, the pig industry in Kenya is relatively small (0.3 million) compared to other livestock, the consumption of pig meat is anticipated to increase with urbanization and social views resulting from education (Wabacha et al, 2004;FAO, 2012). Pig marketing has been studied in Busia, western Kenya (Kagira et al, 2010b) where challenges and characteristics were highlighted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparing the operations and challenges of pig butchers in rural and peri-urban settings of western Kenya

Levy¹,

Dewey²,

Poljak³

et al. 2014

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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The purpose of this cross-sectional, observational study was to describe the pig butcher enterprises in western Kenya; highlighting differences in the operational processes and challenges between rural and peri-urban settings. Fifty pig butchers were interviewed using questionnaires in two districts, Kakamega (peri-urban) and Busia (rural). Results showed that pig butchers were central to the coordination of activities required to connect pig farmers to pork consumers in their communities. Several differences between rural and peri-urban enterprises included use of agents to find pigs, average market weight of pigs, pig prices per kilogram, transport and marketing. Butchers were challenged by credit and capital constraints, seasonality, high pig prices and high search costs. Butchers should be encouraged to have pork inspected and should be included in outreach programs intended to prevent the spread of zoonotic pathogens since they are the last intervention point before pork is consumed. Use of the tape measure for estimating pig weight could help remove inequalities between farmers and butchers abilities to estimate pig weights and could help to reduce search costs for the butcher, thus increasing equity and efficiency of trade between farmers and pig butchers in western Kenya.

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Section: Study Limitations and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the operations and challenges of pig butchers in rural and peri-urban settings of western Kenya

Levy¹,

Dewey²,

Poljak³

et al. 2014

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically, this type of farm lack boars for serving (Lamberson and Safranski 2000;Wabacha et al 2004;Lanada et al 2005;Khounsy et al 2009) and when the sows are estrous, a boar will be leased from a neighboring farm. Artificial insemination (AI) is now widely accepted as the primary breeding technique for medium and large farms (Lamberson and Safranski 2000;Wabacha et al 2004;More et al 2005;Lemke et al 2007). Results from AI are equal or better than those from natural service and using AI allows for improved genetic progress, lower boar feeding costs (Lamberson and Safranski 2000;Vargas et al 2009;Wolf 2009), and reduced risk of introduction of infectious reproductive disease (Leiding 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of artificial insemination with natural mating on smallholder farms in Thailand, and the effects of boar stimulation and distance of semen delivery on sow reproductive performance

Am-In

Tantasuparuk

Techakumphu

2009

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Following the implementation of artificial insemination (AI) services for smallholder pig farms, we investigated the reproductive performance after AI and its influencing factors. A small-scale boar station with an AI lab was established with two active boars having good genetics and free from reproductive diseases. Individual sow cards were used for reproductive data recording. A total of 171 sows on 92 farms situated within a radius of 50 km from the AI center were included in this study. Sows bred by AI (n = 121) were inseminated twice per estrus by two trained inseminators. A further 50 sows were mated by natural services using local rental boars. The impact of boar stimulation and distance from the AI center to the farm were also determined. Non-return (P = 0.02) and farrowing rates (P = 0.03) were higher for AI than for naturally bred sows (84.0% and 76.0% vs. 74.0% and 70.0% for AI and naturally bred, respectively). For sows bred by AI, boar stimulation increased non-return rate (84.1% vs. 70.0%; P = 0.09), farrowing rate (83.7% vs. 69.2%; P = 0.01) and litter size (11.2 +/- 2.3 vs. 9.7 +/- 1.7; P < 0.01). There was no effect on performance due to distance of semen transport. These results clearly indicate that sow performance on smallholder farms will improve if AI is utilized and boar stimulation is employed.

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“…In agreement, Hughes (1993) noted that 50% of all pre-weaning death occurs within the first three days of life and that 90% of all were within one week of parturition. Accordingly various researchers recorded neonatal mortality, such as Pathiraja et al (1987) who noted it to be as high as 50%; Kumar et al (1990) reported 28.14%; Grissom et al (1990) reported between 12.2 and 24.2%; Boe (1994) reported 14.4%; Vaillancourt et al (1994) reported between 10 and 15%; Varley (1995) reported 13% among cross breed; Tuchscherer et al (2000) reported between 10 and 20%; Nandakumar et al (2004) reported 31.36% among indigenous breed and 10.49% among crossed-bred; Wabacha et al (2004) reported 18.70%; Dutta and Rahman (2006) reported 30.62%; Kliebenstein et al (2007) reported 26.40%; Li et al (2010) reported 23 and27% andPedersen et al (2011) had reported 19%. Further, the mortality pattern and occurrence of different diseases and disorders may also vary with different genetic groups of pigs (Gupta et al, 2001;Nandakumar et al, 2004). Not all the factors associated with mortality can be controlled, but understanding them will assist the farmers and producers in minimizing death loss (Holyoake et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of pre-weaning piglet mortality and economic losses in field condition

Roy¹,

Mondal²,

Moktan³

2018

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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The study was purposively taken up with the objective to find out the patterns of pre-weaning piglet mortality and economic losses in field condition. The study was purposively taken up in Gorkhaland Territorial Administration area where pig farming is a common practice. The study shows that overall pre-weaning piglet mortality was 15.62% where it was slightly higher in exotic than indigenous breed. Highest pre-weaning mortality was recorded among 0 to 15 days age group piglets mainly during winter months and in third parity of dam. The major reasons of pre-weaning piglet mortality found in the study area were chilling, piglet anemia and scouring. Overall economic losses due to pre-weaning piglet mortality were around $18696 during the last 3 years in which it was around $5453 in indigenous breed and around $13243 in exotic breeds. Economic losses due to pre-weaning piglet mortality was recorded highest for scouring, followed by chilling and low birth weight in indigenous breed, whereas it was highest for piglet anemia followed by chilling and scouring in exotic breed. Therefore, proper healthcare programme and management practices must be undertaken to avoid these huge economic losses under field condition.

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Characterisation of smallholder pig production in Kikuyu Division, central Kenya

Cited by 38 publications

References 13 publications

Comparing the operations and challenges of pig butchers in rural and peri-urban settings of western Kenya

Comparing the operations and challenges of pig butchers in rural and peri-urban settings of western Kenya

Comparison of artificial insemination with natural mating on smallholder farms in Thailand, and the effects of boar stimulation and distance of semen delivery on sow reproductive performance

Patterns of pre-weaning piglet mortality and economic losses in field condition

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