Characterisation of Magnaporthe oryzae isolates from rice in peninsular Malaysia.

Abed-Ashtiani, Farnaz; Kadir, Jugah; Nasehi, Abbas; Reza, Seyed; Hashemian, Rahaghi; Vadamalai, Ganesan; Rambe, Siti Khadijah

doi:10.17221/102/2016-cjgpb

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…ITS regions have previously been used for the detection, identification, and classification of Pyricularia isolates [13]. A previous study confirmed that the ITS gene regions could identify Pyricularia at the species level, and sometimes lower than the species level [13,14]. In this study, we used the universal primers ITS5 and ITS4 to amplify the ITS region, because the ITS1 and ITS4 primer pair showed very poor success in our…”

Section: Morphological Characteristics Of Rice Blast Fungus Strains Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Characterization and Genetic Diversity of Rice Blast Fungus, Pyricularia oryzae, from Thailand Using ISSR and SRAP Markers

Longya

Talumphai

Jantasuriyarat

2020

JoF

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Rice blast disease is caused by the ascomycete fungus Pyricularia oryzae and is one of the most destructive rice diseases in the world. The objectives of this study were investigating various fungal morphological characteristics and performing a phylogenetic analysis. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers were used to examine the genetic variation of 59 rice blast fungus strains, including 57 strains collected from different fields in Thailand and two reference strains, 70-15 and Guy11. All isolates used in this study were determined to be P. oryzae by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence confirmation. A total of 14 ISSR primers and 17 pairs of SRAP primers, which produced clear and polymorphic bands, were selected for assessing genetic diversity. A total of 123 polymorphic bands were generated. The similarity index value for the strains ranged from 0.25 to 0.95. The results showed that the blast fungus population in Thailand has both morphological and genetic variations. A high level of genetic variation, or genome adaptation, is one of the fungal mechanisms that could overcome host resistance to avoid host recognition. Results from this research study could bring substantial benefits and ultimately help to understand the blast fungal pathogen genome and the population structure in Thai blast fungus.regions with primers targeting open reading frames (ORFs) [5]. The molecular markers differ in cost, speed, complication, labor, degree of polymorphism, and repeatability. ISSR and SRAP marker techniques are fast and low cost, they do not require sequence information, have high repeatability, and use only one-step PCR. They provide highly discriminating information with good reproducibility and are relatively abundant, while AFLP and RAPD are more labor intensive and time consuming [4,6]. We characterized blast fungal morphology, performed DNA sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and used 20 ISSR and 30 SRAP markers to assess the genetic diversity of 59 rice blast strains, including 57 strains collected from Thai rice-growing areas and two reference strains, 70-15 and Guy11. The information obtained from this study will help to understand the population structure and evolution of rice blast fungus in Thailand. Materials and Methods Rice Blast MaterialsA total of 59 rice blast strains were used, including 57 strains collected from Thai rice-growing areas representing central, northern, and north-eastern parts of Thailand. Two rice blast strains, 70-15 and Guy11, were used as reference strains (Table 1). The stock of each blast strain as in filter paper was cultured and DNA was extracted using the cetyl-trimethyl-ammonium-bromide (CTAB) method described by Longya et al. [7].

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Section: Morphological Characteristics Of Rice Blast Fungus Strains Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Characterization and Genetic Diversity of Rice Blast Fungus, Pyricularia oryzae, from Thailand Using ISSR and SRAP Markers

Longya

Talumphai

Jantasuriyarat

2020

JoF

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“…The number of husks resulting from the cultivation of rice plants is high because the grain is composed of 16.3 to 28% husk. Rice husk or skin is the outer portion of the grain containing silica that has the highest silica among the rice crop biomass [37].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Silica content of rice husk from paddy soils produced an average of 74.5%. The total silica content of the rice husk from paddy soil indicates a high rate because the rice plants absorb silica in appreciable amounts [9,37]. The amount of silica in the husk produced from irrigated rice is higher than the silica content of husk generated from rainfed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioavailability of Silica on Paddy Soils with Various Land Aging in Musi Rawas South Sumatera of Indonesia

et al. 2018

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Utilization of intensive paddy soils for rice cultivation are main causing deficiency of soil silica (Si) due to high concentration Si adsorption in soils with values varies between 230 up to 470 kg ha-1. The soil silica availability on agriculture lands in Indonesia varies from 203 to 982 mg kg-1, and the paddy soils in Java and Sumatra have shown a decreasing the silica between 11% to 20% in the last three decades, resulting in declining paddy soils productivity. This study was aimed to investigate the availability of silica in the paddy soils distributed in Musi Rawas. The study was scheduled from May to November 2016 using survey methods, and soil analyzes performed in laboratory of SEAMEO Biotrop Bogor.The results showed that availability of silica in wetland has reduced by 50% in two decades, and meanwhile the availability of silica in irrigated soils about 7.5 times lower compared to rainfed soils. The silica availability of irrigated soils from wetland had 4.5 times higher than the irrigated soils of dryland. Furthermore, silica contained in rice husk had also decreased down to 74.5%, resulting in the decreasing of grain production due to a decrease in availability of silica in soil.

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“…However, the resistance might eventually be overcome by P. oryzae due to their genetic diversity and their ability to recombine (Scheuermann et al, 2012). For example, rice blast resistant cultivar MR219 (Hussain et al, 2012) in Peninsular Malaysia had its resistance breakdown which led to rice blast disease outbreak (Abed-Ashtiani et al, 2016). It is a constant challenge for breeders in Peninsular Malaysia to breed for new resistant varieties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, the breaking down of disease resistance will be rapid (Scheuermann et al, 2012). In Peninsular Malaysia, there are already four reports on the variations of P. oryzae (Abdul Rahim et al, 2013;Mat Muni and Nadarajah, 2014;Hasan et al, 2016;Abed-Ashtiani et al, 2016). Unfortunately, there is yet study on P. oryzae from Sarawak, neither their genetic variations nor pathogenicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of Pyricularia oryzae isolated from lowland rice in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo

Hussin¹,

Yeo²,

Mohamad³

et al. 2020

MJM

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Aims: Rice blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae is one of the major biotic diseases of rice in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. This study aims to isolate and characterize rice blast fungus obtained from infected leaf collected from four different divisions in Sarawak, viz, Miri, Serian, Sri Aman, and Kuching. Methodology and results: Twelve succeeded isolates were pre-identified as P. oryzae by morphological characteristics of spores, followed by verification through (internal transcribed spacer) ITS sequencing. The isolates were evaluated for morphological characteristics, growth rate and sporulation rate, which were grown on two types of media, (filtered oatmeal agar) FOMA and (potato dextrose agar) PDA. Morphological characterization showed that the colony surface of the different isolates varied from smooth and fluffy to rough and flattened mycelia; some were with the present of concentric rings, and some with aerial mycelia. The growth rate and sporulation rate of each isolate varied based on types of media used. Most of the isolates grew faster on PDA than on FOMA but produced higher number of spores on FOMA as compared to PDA. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: This preliminary study showed that there were variations observed based on morphological and physiological characterization for the different isolates collected in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. This study is the first step towards understanding variation in the population of P. oryzae from Sarawak.

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Characterisation of Magnaporthe oryzae isolates from rice in peninsular Malaysia.

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Morphological Characterization and Genetic Diversity of Rice Blast Fungus, Pyricularia oryzae, from Thailand Using ISSR and SRAP Markers

Morphological Characterization and Genetic Diversity of Rice Blast Fungus, Pyricularia oryzae, from Thailand Using ISSR and SRAP Markers

Bioavailability of Silica on Paddy Soils with Various Land Aging in Musi Rawas South Sumatera of Indonesia

Isolation and characterization of Pyricularia oryzae isolated from lowland rice in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo

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