Characterisation of fresh particulate vehicular exhausts near a Paris high flow road

Ruellan, Stéphane; Cachier, H.

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(00)00110-2

Cited by 208 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The fact that all the OC/EC ratios were less than 2.0 implied that there was no secondary organic aerosol formation in the roadside station. This observation is expected, as the site was very close to a major road and is consistent with the previous observation in Paris (Ruellan et al, 2001). The primary OC/EC ratio of 1.0 observed in this study is comparable to the OC/EC ratios of 1.1, 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 as measured at Aveiro, Coimbra, Oporta, and Birmingham, respectively (Castro et al, 1999).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This indicated that motor-vehicular emission is a dominant source of carbonaceous particle pollution in Hong Kong. Compared with roadside observation in Paris, France, the PM 2.5 mass in Hong Kong (64.4 μg m -3 ) is higher than that in Paris (39 μg m -3 ) (Ruellan et al, 2001). The EC concentration (17.7 μg m -3 ) in this study is slightly higher than the black carbon (BC) concentration (measured by an Aethalometer) (13.6 μg m -3 ), but the OC concentration (16.7 μg m -3 ) in this study was lower than the OC concentration (34.6 μg m -3 ) in Paris.…”

Section: Quality Assurance and Quality Controlcontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…Motor vehicular emissions are a major source of fine particles in ambient air, especially in urban areas (Harrison et al, 1997;Kerminen et al, 1997;Ruellan et al, 2001;Harley et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of articles and reports have been published regarding the contribution of traffic to OC and EC in Europe and the USA (Kerminen et al, 1997;Miguel et al, 1998;Fraser et al, 1999;Moosmüller et al, 2000;Shi et al, 2000;Kohler et al, 2001;Ruellan et al, 2001). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Roadside Fine Particulate Carbon and its Eight Fractions in Hong Kong

Cao

Lee

et al. 2006

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

104

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Simultaneous measurements of PM 2.5 mass, OC and EC and eight carbon fractions were conducted in a roadside microenvironment around Hong Kong for a week in May-June 2002 to obtain the characterization of freshly emitted traffic aerosols. Traffic volume (diesel-powered, liquefied-petroleum gas and gasoline-powered vehicles), meteorological data, and sourcedominated samples were also measured. PM 2.5 samples were collected on pre-fired quartz filters with a mini-volume sampler and a portable fine-particle sampler, then analyzed for OC and EC using thermal optical reflectance (TOR) method, following the IMPROVE protocol. High levels of PM 2.5 mass (64.4 μg m -3 ), OC (16.7 μg m -3 ) and EC (17.1 μg m -3 ) observed in the roadside microenvironment were found to be well-correlated with each other. The average OC/EC ratio was 1.0, indicating that OC and EC were both primary pollutants. Marked diurnal PM 2.5 mass OC and EC concentration profiles were observed in accordance with the traffic pattern (especially for diesel vehicles). Average daytime concentrations were 1.3-1.5 times greater than nighttime values.Carbon profiles from source-dominated samples (diesel, LPG and gasoline vehicles) and diurnal variations of eight carbon fractions (OC1, OC2, OC3, OC4, EC1, EC2, EC3 and OP) demonstrated EC2 and OC2 were the major contributors to the diesel exhaust, and OC3 and OC2were the larger contributors to the LPG and gasoline exhaust. Thus, carbon fractions derived from the IMPROVE protocol could be used to identify different carbon sources.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Quality Assurance and Quality Controlcontrasting

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Roadside Fine Particulate Carbon and its Eight Fractions in Hong Kong

Cao

Lee

et al. 2006

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

104

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“…The mean number concentration of roadside ultrafine (10-100 nm) particles was low compared with that reported in many similar studies (Harrison et al, 1999;Hitchins et al, 2000;Hughes et al, 1998;Morawska et al, 1999;Ruellan and Cachier, 2001;Ruuskanen et al, 2001;Vakeva et al, 1999) (see Table 4, Paper I). Some possible explanations for this low value are that (1) there are no other nearby sources, e.g.…”

Section: Roadside Traffic Emissionscontrasting

confidence: 52%

Personal exposures and indoor, residential outdoor, and urban background levels of fine particle trace elements in the general population

et al. 2006

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The general population is exposed to particulate air pollution from many different local and regional sources. Examples of local sources are traffic, biomass burning and resuspended dust, while regional sources are dominated by combustion processes from heating, traffic and industries. The overall aim of this thesis was to characterise the personal exposure to trace elements in fine particles, mainly PM 2.5 and investigate how the exposure is related to indoor and outdoor levels. Particulate matter was collected on filters and analysed for elemental content by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy.In the general population in Göteborg, personal exposures to Cl, Ca, Ti and Fe were significantly higher compared with indoor, residential outdoor and urban background levels. Significant correlations were also found between urban background PM mass and personal exposure to elements related to both combustion (S, V and Pb) and resuspended dust (Ti, Fe and Zn), indicating that both sources could be relevant for health effects from urban background PM. In a community where wood burning for domestic heating is common, significantly (66-80%) higher personal exposures and indoor levels were found for K, Ca and Zn compared with a reference group living in the same area, indicating that these elements could be good markers for wood smoke. In a study in Stockholm concerning children's environments (home, school and preschool), higher indoor than outdoor levels of Ti were found, while long-range-transported (LRT) elements (S, Ni, Br and Pb) were higher outdoors. A community located 25 km from the city centre had significantly lower outdoor levels of crustal and traffic-related elements compared with both the city centre and a suburban area. The levels of Fe and Cu were four times higher in the central communities. Outdoors, Cu levels were found to correlate well with the traffic marker NO 2 , making it a possible elemental marker for traffic-related aerosols in health studies. Roadside measurements of fine and ultrafine (<100 nm) particles were performed along a major approach road to Göteborg and the levels of ultrafine particles were influenced not only by traffic intensity, but also, by wind speed and direction, as well as boundary layer height. No correlation was found between PM 2.5 and ultrafine particles or traffic, but there was a correlation between PM 2.5 and particles sized 100-368 nm. In all environments studied, the origin of LRT air masses had a strong effect on exposure and levels of PM elements.In conclusion, this thesis demonstrates that elemental analysis is a useful method for better characterising human exposure to fine particles. For several elements, the personal exposure is often higher than corresponding indoor levels. The origin of LRT elements affected not only outdoor levels, but also, the personal exposure and indoor levels, and should be taken into account in time series studies of air pollution and health.

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Natural Organic Matter in Atmospheric Particles

Duarte

2009

Biophysico‐Chemical Processes Involving Natural Nonliving Organic Matter in Environmental Systems

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Characterisation of fresh particulate vehicular exhausts near a Paris high flow road

Cited by 208 publications

References 46 publications

Characterization of Roadside Fine Particulate Carbon and its Eight Fractions in Hong Kong

Characterization of Roadside Fine Particulate Carbon and its Eight Fractions in Hong Kong

Personal exposures and indoor, residential outdoor, and urban background levels of fine particle trace elements in the general population

Natural Organic Matter in Atmospheric Particles

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