Characterisation of Cold Spray Titanium Coatings

Gulizia, Stefan; Trentin, Andréa Gonçalves; Vezzù, Simone; Rech, Silvano; King, Peter C.; Jahedi, Mahnaz; Guagliano, Mario

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.898

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Furthermore, it was shown that porosity was independent of the gas pressure. The findings are not consistent with the results presented by Gulizia et al [ 57 ].…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The absence of oxides in cold-sprayed titanium coatings has also been reported by other researchers in the case of powders with angular morphology but different particle size distribution applied as the feedstock material [ 54 , 56 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 ]. However, some reports show a negligible increase in the contents of oxygen and nitrogen in the cold-sprayed coatings in comparison with the starting feedstock [ 52 , 57 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Titanium Deposition for Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing as a Function of Standoff Distance

et al. 2021

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In this research, the cold spray process as an additive manufacturing method was applied to deposit thick titanium coatings onto 7075 aluminium alloy. An analysis of changes in the microstructure and mechanical properties of the coatings depending on the standoff distance was carried out to obtain the maximum deposition efficiency. The process parameters were selected in such a way as to ensure the spraying of irregular titanium powder at the highest velocity and temperature and changing the standoff distance from 20 to 100 mm. Experimental studies demonstrated that the standoff distance had a significant effect on the microstructure of the coatings and their adhesion. Moreover, its rise significantly increased the deposition efficiency. The standoff distance also significantly affected the coating microstructure and their adhesion to the substrate, but did not cause any changes in their phase composition. The standoff distance also influenced the coating porosity, which first decreased to a minimum level of 0.2% and then increased significantly to 9.8%. At the same time, the hardness of the coatings increased by 30%. Numerical simulations confirmed the results of the tests.

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“…Furthermore, it was shown that porosity was independent of the gas pressure. The findings are not consistent with the results presented by Gulizia et al [ 57 ].…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Titanium Deposition for Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing as a Function of Standoff Distance

et al. 2021

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“…Since densification of this powder in other PM processes requires less energy than with spherical powder, it is envisioned that deposition may be possible at lower ranges of parameters than those discussed in the literature ( Ref 13,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. Therefore, a large range of temperatures and pressures were tested in order to understand the behavior of this unique powder morphology during the CGDS consolidation process.…”

Section: Cgds Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold Spraying of Armstrong Process Titanium Powder for Additive Manufacturing

et al. 2016

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Titanium parts are ideally suited for aerospace applications due to their unique combination of high specific strength and excellent corrosion resistance. However, titanium as bulk material is expensive and challenging/costly to machine. Production of complex titanium parts through additive manufacturing looks promising, but there are still many barriers to overcome before reaching mainstream commercialization. The cold gas dynamic spraying process offers the potential for additive manufacturing of large titanium parts due to its reduced reactive environment, its simplicity to operate, and the high deposition rates it offers. A few challenges are to be addressed before the additive manufacturing potential of titanium by cold gas dynamic spraying can be reached. In particular, it is known that titanium is easy to deposit by cold gas dynamic spraying, but the deposits produced are usually porous when nitrogen is used as the carrier gas. In this work, a method to manufacture low-porosity titanium components at high deposition efficiencies is revealed. The components are produced by combining low-pressure cold spray using nitrogen as the carrier gas with low-cost titanium powder produced using the Armstrong process. The microstructure and mechanical properties of additive manufactured titanium components are investigated.

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“…Strain hardening was also observed in cold spraying (CS), a related coating application method [ 40 , 41 , 42 ]. The microhardness increase was attributed to the strain hardening phenomenon during deposition [ 43 , 44 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Aluminium and Titanium Warm Sprayed Coatings on AZ91E Magnesium Alloy

et al. 2022

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Aluminium (Al) and titanium (Ti) coatings were applied on AZ91E magnesium alloy using a low-pressure warm spray (WS) method. The deposition was completed using three different nitrogen flow rates (NFR) for both coatings. NFR effects on coating microstructure and other physical properties were systematically studied. Microstructural characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the porosity was estimated using two methods—image analysis and X-ray microtomography. The coating adhesion strength, wear resistance, and hardness were examined. The protective properties of the coatings were verified via a salt spray test. Decreasing NFR during coating deposition produced more dense and compact coatings. However, these conditions increased the oxidation of the powder. Al coatings showed lower hardness and wear resistance than Ti coatings, although they are more suitable for corrosion protection due to their low porosity and high compactness.

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Characterisation of Cold Spray Titanium Coatings

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Titanium Deposition for Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing as a Function of Standoff Distance

Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Titanium Deposition for Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing as a Function of Standoff Distance

Cold Spraying of Armstrong Process Titanium Powder for Additive Manufacturing

A Comparative Study of Aluminium and Titanium Warm Sprayed Coatings on AZ91E Magnesium Alloy

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