Characterisation of ACTH Peptides in Human Skin and Their Activation of the Melanocortin‐1 Receptor

Wakamatsu, Kazumasa; Graham, Alison; Cook, David B.; Thody, A. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0749.1997.tb00688.x

Cited by 171 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Inhibitors of melanin synthesis are related to localized hyper-pigmentation in humans, such as melasma, lentigines, nevus, ephelis, and postinflammatory state. In human epidermis, α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone are produced and released by keratinocytes after UV radiation, and are involved in the regulation of melanogenesis and/or melanocyte dendrite formation (Wakamatsu et al, 1997). α-MSH and adrenocorticotropic hormone bind to a melanocyte-specific receptor, MC1-R (Cone et al, 1996), which activates adenylate cyclase through G proteins to elevate intracellular cAMP (Costin and Hearing, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of xanthohumol on melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells

et al. 2008

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Xanthohumol (XH), the principal prenylflavonoid of the hop plant (Humulus lupulus L.), dose-dependently inhibited isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX)-induced melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells, with little cytotoxicity at the effective concentrations. Decreased melanin content was accompanied by reduced tyrosinase enzyme activity, protein and mRNA expression. The levels of tyrosinase-related protein 1 and 2 mRNAs were decreased by XH. XH also inhibited α-melanocyte stimulating hormone-or forskolin-induced increases in melanogenesis, suggesting an action on the cAMP-dependent melanogenic pathway. XH downregulated the protein and mRNA expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a master transcriptional regulator of key melanogenic enzymes. These results suggest that XH might act as a hypo-pigmenting agent through the downregulation of MITF in the cAMP-dependent melanogenic pathway.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of xanthohumol on melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells

et al. 2008

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“…Recent results, including those from our laboratory, have documented that skin produces POMC (1)(2)(3)(4).…”

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“…The analytical method of reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was used to document production of ACTH and a-MSH by keratinocytes and melanocytes (4,11). Recent immunocytochemical, western blot and radioimmunoassay analyses showed presence of b-endorphin-like immunoreactivity in the skin (2,3,(12)(13)(14).…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification of β‐endorphin, α‐MSH and ACTH peptides in cultured human melanocytes, melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma cells by RP‐HPLC

Słomiński

1998

Experimental Dermatology

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“…Treatment of cultured melanocytes with aMSH or ACTH also leads to melanogenic response (18,19). Whilst aMSH activates the MC1R, there is still the question whether other cleavage products of POMC may also be physiologically more relevant (20,21).…”

Section: The Cloning Of the Melanocortin 1 Receptormentioning

confidence: 99%

The Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R): More Than Just Red Hair

Rees

2000

Pigment Cell Research

169

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The melanocortin 1 receptor, a seven pass transmembrane G ing loss-of-function mutations. Activating mutations of the protein coupled receptor, is a key control point in melanogen-MC1R in man have not been described. The MC1R is particesis. Loss-of-function mutations at the MC1R are associated ularly informative and a tractable gene for studies of human evolution and migration. In particular, study of the MC1R with a switch from eumelanin to phaeomelanin production, resulting in a red or yellow coat colour. Activating mutations, may provide insights into the lightening of skin colour observed in most European populations. The world wide pattern of in animals at least, lead to enhanced eumelanin synthesis. In MC1R diversity is compatible with functional constraint operman, a number of loss-of-function mutations in the MC1R have been described. The majority of red-heads (red-haired ating in Africa, whereas the greater allelic diversity seen in persons) are compound heterozygotes or homozygotes for up to non-African populations is consistent with neutral predictions five frequent loss-of-function mutations. A minority of redrather than selection. Whether this conclusion is as a result of heads are, however, only heterozygote. The MC1R is, thereweakness in the statistical testing procedures applied, or whether it will be seen in other pigment genes will be of great fore, a major determinant of sun sensitivity and a genetic risk interest for studies of human skin colour evolution. factor for melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. Recent work suggests that the MC1R also shows a clear heterozygote Key words: MC1R, Loss-of-function mutation, Red-heads, effect on skin type, with up to 30% of the population harbourRed hair, Skin type, Skin colour other genetically complex states. Most genes involved in human pigmentation, including the MC1R, have been identified on the back of the resource and tractable experimental system provided by the marriage of the mouse mutant resource and modern molecular genetics (4 -7). So far, however, the MC1R is the only gene that is known to explain physiological variation in human pigmentation (rather than just rare Mendelian phenotypes such as albinism) (8, 9). Much potential interest in the MC1R therefore relates to the methodological problems inherent in relating sequence data to physiological state with a simple Mendelian framework. Work on the MC1R is therefore facing a combination of methodological problems that have not arisen with other pigment genes, including the presence of a large number of alleles; the relation between follicular and interfollicular pigmentation; and perhaps the most significant of all, how to assay human pigmentation and the cutaneous response to ultraviolet radiation in such a way that it is amenable to a

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Characterisation of ACTH Peptides in Human Skin and Their Activation of the Melanocortin‐1 Receptor

Cited by 171 publications

References 37 publications

Effect of xanthohumol on melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells

Effect of xanthohumol on melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells

Identification of β‐endorphin, α‐MSH and ACTH peptides in cultured human melanocytes, melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma cells by RP‐HPLC

The Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R): More Than Just Red Hair

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