Characterisation and valorisation of the bark ofMyrcia eximiaDC. trees from the Amazon rainforest as a source of phenolic compounds

Abstract

The bark of the tree species Myrcia eximia DC., which occurs in secondary forests in the Brazilian Amazon, is described for the first time. The aim was to provide a broad knowledge of its composition, to add value, and to direct uses to the bark of this species based on its polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity. The bark is formed by conducting phloem, nonconducting phloem, and rhytidome. In addition, dead phloem occurs between the periderms. The average chemical composition of the bark was 45.6% total extractives, 1.4% suberin, 1.7% ash, and 21.1% lignin. The ethanol-water extract had a high content of flavonoids and condensed tannins [300.8 and 877.3 mg catechin equivalents (CE) g−1 of the extract, respectively]. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify the presence of rutin, quercetin, and gallic, ferulic, and o-coumaric acids. The bark extract showed strong 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, which was superior to that of the commercial antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), with an IC50 of 85.2 μg mL−1. Based on these results, it is evident that the bark of M. eximia from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest is a new and potential natural source of phenolic compounds and antioxidants, and its extracts can be used in the food and pharmaceutical industry and in various condensed tannin-based products.

UV-Curable Bio-Based Polymers Derived from Industrial Pulp and Paper Processes

“…New methods are being implemented to isolate these components from sugarcane bagasse, bark trees and kraft lignin obtained from the pulp and paper industries. These methods can involve chemical and physical approaches, such as hydrolysis and extraction, or bacterial action [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. An alternative method could be that of resorting to synthetic biology to valorize lignin and biosynthesized coumarins [ 36 ].…”

Valorization of Polyphenols from Stryphnodendron adstringens Bark for Use as a Sustainable Inhibitor of Nitrogen Volatilization in Soil

“…In the spectrum, the compounds rutin, quercetin, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, and vanillin were not detected A detailed analysis of these compounds present in the extract indicates an abundance of gallic acid (1873.10 mg 100 g −1 of bark extract) and catechin (964.9 mg 100 g −1 of bark extract), values superior to those found in studies on other species. 16 This variation exists mainly because of differences in species but also because gallic acid and catechin biosynthesis is stimulated by sunlight. Therefore, the same species can present large differences in flavonoid concentrations because of the difference in climatic conditions where they are planted.…”

“…The quantification of phenolic compounds present in the bark extract by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was carried out following a previously described method 16 (see Supporting Information).…”

“…15 In Brazil, the main endemic species already studied regarding the composition of polyphenols in the bark are found in the Cerrado biome. 16 The Cerrado is the second largest biome in Brazil and is present in 15 states. One of the species of the Cerrado with great added value is popularly known as barbatimaõ (Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.)…”

Recovery and Seasonal Variation of Cinnamtannin B‐1 from Laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) Pruning Wood Wastes

“…Among all the plant‐based sources of bioactive compounds, agro‐industrial wastes are of special interest as a result of their low or null value as raw materials in addition to the socio‐environmental and sustainable aspects [4,5] . In fact, many examples of the valorization of agro‐industrial residues have been reported over the years, the topic being recently reviewed several times, [6–8] and used as residual biomasses for the isolation of both non‐chiral [9] and enantiomerically pure [10,11] phytochemicals.…”