Characterisation and degradation studies of peroxide and silane crosslinked polyethylene

Celina, Mathias C.; George, Graeme A.

doi:10.1016/0141-3910(95)00053-o

Cited by 124 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Although the energy of the Si-O-Si linkages is high, 779 kJ/mol, the introduction of crosslinks hardly affect the polyethylene thermal stability, especially in a nitrogen atmosphere 21 . Similar results have been found by others researchers 12,15 . Table 5 shows the tensile mechanical properties of HMWPE and VTMOS crosslinked HMWPE samples.…”

Section: Thermal Propertiessupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The decrease of the elasticity modulus may also be considered a result of the heterogeneous structure of the crosslinked samples, composed by regions in which there are highly crosslinked centers and a large fraction of effectively uncrosslinked chains 15 . In this study, there was a slight decrease in the HMWPE degree of crystallinity with the increase of VTMOS concentration (Table 4).…”

Section: Tensile Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The crosslinking occurs through condensation reactions of these silanol groups, leading to the formation of siloxane bridges (-Si-O-Si-), which restricts the mobility of the polymeric chains. An organotin catalyst is generally employed [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] . This crosslinking process may be performed in one single step (Monosil process) or in two steps (Sioplas process) 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMOS) Crosslinked High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (HMWPE)

2017

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The use of polyethylene in sliding systems for automotive industry requires adequate mechanical properties, such as high wear resistance, besides good processing properties in conventional extrusion processes. Aiming to fulfill these requirements, crosslinks were introduced in a high molecular weight polyethylene (HMWPE) grade through a process involving grafting of vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMOS) onto the polymer chain, promoted by dicumyl peroxide (DCP). The results obtained showed that the introduction of crosslinks improved the wear resistance of HMWPE. However, the HMWPE crosslinking led to a significant decrease in the Young's Modulus, as a result of the reduction in crystallinity or the heterogeneous structure of the crosslinked samples. The tensile strength and the thermal properties were not affected.

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Section: Thermal Propertiessupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Tensile Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMOS) Crosslinked High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (HMWPE)

2017

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“…Gel content and solvent uptake analysis is based on the swelling of crosslinked polymers in the presence of organic solvents. Particularly elastomers and radiation aged materials where crosslinking is part of the degradation mechanism are amenable to this technique [50,51]. With careful experiments average molecular weights between crosslinks can be obtained [50].…”

Section: Polymer Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization, performance and optimization of PVDF as a piezoelectric film for advanced space mirror concepts.

Jones¹,

Assink²,

Dargaville³

et al. 2005

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Piezoelectric polymers based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) are of interest for large aperture spacebased telescopes as adaptive or smart materials. Dimensional adjustments of adaptive polymer films depend on controlled charge deposition. Predicting their long-term performance requires a detailed understanding of the piezoelectric material features, expected to suffer due to space environmental degradation. Hence, the degradation and performance of PVDF and its copolymers under various stress environments expected in low Earth orbit has been reviewed and investigated. Various experiments were conducted to expose these polymers to elevated temperature, vacuum UV, γ-radiation and atomic oxygen. The resulting degradative processes were evaluated. The overall materials performance is governed by a combination of chemical and physical degradation processes. Molecular changes are primarily induced via radiative damage, and physical damage from temperature and atomic oxygen exposure is evident as depoling, loss of orientation and surface erosion. The effects of combined vacuum UV radiation and atomic oxygen resulted in expected surface erosion and pitting rates that determine the lifetime of thin films. Interestingly, the piezo responsiveness in the underlying bulk material remained largely unchanged. This study has delivered a comprehensive framework for material properties and degradation sensitivities with variations in individual polymer performances clearly apparent. The results provide guidance for material selection, qualification, optimization strategies, feedback for manufacturing and processing, or alternative materials. Further material qualification should be conducted via experiments under actual space conditions. 3 4 AcknowledgementsThe authors express their appreciation to Bruce Tuttle for use of equipment to measure the d 33 coefficients, Jonathan Campbell for use of the evaporation chamber, Mark Stavig for DMA measurements, Gary Zender for acquiring the SEM images, Ralph

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“…Within the literature on chemical methods, it is possible to find works where peroxides or silanes have been used for these purposes [64][65][66][67][68][69][70].…”

Section: Peroxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cross-linking methods for polyethylene-based carbon fibers: review

Kim¹,

Lee²,

An³

et al. 2015

Carbon letters

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In recent decades, there has been an increasing interest in the use of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) in aerospace, renewable energy and other industries, due to its low weight and relatively good mechanical properties compared with traditional metals. However, due to the high cost of petroleum-based precursors and their associated processing costs, CF remains a specialty product and as such has been limited to use in high-end aerospace, sporting goods, automotive, and specialist industrial applications. The high cost of CF is a problem in various applications and the use of CFRP has been impeded by the high cost of CF in various applications. This paper presents an overview of research related to the fabrication of low cost CF using polyethylene (PE) control technology, and identifies areas requiring additional research and development. It critically reviews the results of cross-linked PE control technology studies, and the development of promising control technologies, including acid, peroxide, radiation and silane cross-linking methods.

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Characterisation and degradation studies of peroxide and silane crosslinked polyethylene

Cited by 124 publications

References 38 publications

Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMOS) Crosslinked High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (HMWPE)

Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMOS) Crosslinked High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (HMWPE)

Characterization, performance and optimization of PVDF as a piezoelectric film for advanced space mirror concepts.

Effects of cross-linking methods for polyethylene-based carbon fibers: review

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